母乳成分分析与乳母膳食的相关性研究

Study on the relationship between breast milk composition analysis and lactating mother's diet

目的探讨母乳成分与乳母膳食之间的相关性。方法选择2019年4月—2021年3月在潮州市湘桥区妇幼保健院分娩的健康乳母210例为研究对象,调查了解其膳食品种、数量、宏量营养素可接受范围(AMDR)和乳汁中蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、能量含量,分析每日宏量营养素摄入情况及宏量营养素摄入与乳汁成分间的关系,统计乳汁成分达标情况。结果210例乳母能量摄入1024~2534 kcal/d,平均(1701.32±205.32)kcal/d,乳母乳汁能量(61.20±12.36)kcal/100 g,水分含量(87.32±1.32)g/100 g,乳糖(6.40±0.75)g/100 g,脂肪含量(3.56±1.21)g/100 g,蛋白质含量(0.95±0.17)g/100 g,乳糖含量(7.21±0.45)g/100 g,密度(1.02±0.01)g/cm^(3);脂肪、蛋白质、乳糖提供能量比分别为33.82%,14.06%,52.10%,其中脂肪、蛋白质提供能量比略高于AMDR;母乳蛋白质含量与膳食蛋白质摄入量呈正相关,母乳脂肪含量与膳食脂肪摄入量呈正相关,母乳乳糖含量与膳食乳糖摄入量呈正相关(P<0.05)。调查显示,210例乳母营养达标率为86.67%(182/210),经饮食调整和健康指导,2周后复查,乳母营养达标率为98.57%(207/210),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乳母膳食成分摄入可直接影响乳汁营养成分,乳母摄入蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖的含量与乳汁中蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖含量密切相关,给予乳母适当的健康、饮食指导能有效提高乳母营养达标率。

Objective To explore the correlation between breast milk composition and lactating mother's diet.Methods A total of 210 healthy lactating mothers delivered in our hospital from April 2019 to March 2021 were selected to investigate the dietary variety,quantity,acceptable range of macronutrients(AMDR)and the contents of protein,fat,lactose and energy in milk.The daily macro-nutrient intake of lactating mothers and the relationship between macro-nutrient intake and milk composition were analyzed,and the composition of breast milk was observed.Results The average energy intake of lactating mothers was(1701.32±205.32)kcal/d,ranging from 1024 to 2534 kcal/d.The water content of milk was(87.32±1.32)g,lactose was(6.40±0.75)g,fat content was(3.56±1.21)g,protein content was(0.95±0.17)g,lactose content was(7.21±0.45)g.Density 1.02±0.01g/cm^(3).The ratio of energy provided by fat,protein and lactose was 33.82%,14.06%and 52.10%respectively.The ratio of energy provided by fat and protein was slightly higher than that of amdr;The protein content of breast milk was positively correlated with dietary protein intake,the fat content of breast milk was positively correlated with dietary fat intake,and the lactose content of breast milk was positively correlated with dietary lactose intake(P<0.05).According to the investigation,the nutrition standard rate of 210 breast-feeding mothers was 86.67%(182/210).After diet adjustment and health guidance,two weeks later,the nutrition standard rate of lactating mothers was 98.57%(207/210),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The dietary intake of lactating mothers will directly affect the nutritional components of breast milk,and the contents of protein,fat and lactose consumed by lactating mothers are closely related to the contents of protein,fat and lactose in milk.Proper health and dietary guidance to lactating mothers can effectively improve the nutritional standard rate of lactating mothers.