突发公共事件风险感知对员工复工的双重影响

Dual Influence of Public Emergency Risk Perception on Employees′ Return to Work

突发公共事件过后,企业如何有效组织员工复工成为首要问题。在复工期间,突发公共事件风险感知使员工精神紧张,进而影响其心理状态和工作行为。员工能否快速适应变化并进入工作状态对企业恢复生产非常关键,已有研究中关于突发公共事件风险感知对员工复工影响的结果存在争议,有必要基于新的理论视角整合已有研究发现。基于压力源-压力-反应框架,以目标压力为中介建立突发公共事件风险感知对员工复工状态的双重影响机制,引入员工焦虑作为调节变量,以明晰工作场所中突发公共事件风险感知的影响机制及其边界条件。以新冠肺炎疫情后复工为研究情景,采用经验取样法,收集254名员工在疫情后复工第1周连续5个工作日的问卷数据。运用Spss 22.0和Mplus 7.4统计分析工具进行数据分析,利用多层线性模型对研究假设进行检验。研究结果表明,突发公共事件风险感知对员工的目标压力具有正向影响,目标压力同时对员工的主动性行为和工作疲劳有正向影响,突发公共事件风险感知通过目标压力提高员工复工期间的主动性行为和工作疲劳。员工焦虑不仅对目标压力与主动性行为、目标压力与工作疲劳之间的关系有正向调节作用,而且对目标压力在突发公共事件风险感知与主动性行为和工作疲劳之间的中介关系起调节作用,即对于高焦虑的员工,突发公共事件风险感知通过目标压力提高员工的主动性行为,但也引发更强的工作疲劳。研究结果从压力视角揭示了突发公共事件风险感知对员工的双重影响,发现员工焦虑作为边界条件对突发公共事件复工过程中员工风险感知"双刃剑"效应具有调节作用,在一定程度上回应了学界在突发公共事件研究上的争议,厘清了不同特质的员工在复工过程中的差异化行为,对于企业复工复产具有指导意义。

How to effectively organize employees to return to work is a serious problem for enterprises after public emergencies. During the period of return-to-work, employees usually experience higher levels of tense due to public emergency risk perception, which will negatively affect their mental health and work efficiency. The rapid adaptation of employees to changes in the work environment is critical to the recovery of production. The influence of public emergency risk perception in the context of employees′ return-to-work is controversial in the existing literature. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the existing findings from a new theoretical perspective.Based on the stressor-strain-outcome framework, by taking daily goal stress as a mediator,we have proposed the dual influence mechanism of public emergency risk perception on employees′ return-to-work, introducing employee anxiety as a moderator, to reveal the influence mechanism and boundary conditions of public emergency risk perception in the workplace. In the context of returning to work after COVID-19, we distributed our daily questionnaire, through adopting the experience sampling method, to 254 employees for 5 working days in the first week of return-to-work after the outbreak of COVID-19. Spss 22.0 and Mplus 7.4 were used for data analysis, and our hypotheses were tested by hierarchical linear model technology.Our results show that public emergency risk perception has a positive impact on employees′ goal stress, while goal stress improves employees′ proactive behavior and work fatigue. Public emergency risk perception improves employees′ proactive behavior and work fatigue during the return to work through goal stress. We have also found that employee anxiety has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between goal stress and proactive behavior as well as the relationship between goal stress and work fatigue. Moreover, employee anxiety moderates the indirect effects of public emergency risk perception on both proactive behavior and work fatigue via goal stress such that for employees with high anxiety, public emergency risk perception will improve their proactive behavior but cause stronger work fatigue through goal stress.Theoretically, this study not only reveals the double-edged sword effects of public emergency risk perception in the process of return-to-work from the perspective of stress, but also provides empirical support to the moderating role of employee anxiety on the mechanisms linking public emergency risk perception to work outcomes in the period of return-to-work, which can respond to the controversy findings regarding the influence of public emergency in the existing literature to a certain extent. In practice, this study clarifies the differentiated behavioral responses of employees with different levels of anxiety to public emergency risk perception, which can generate managerial implications for guiding employees to return to their work more effectively and efficiently after the shutdown of enterprises.