新冠肺炎疫情事件强度对环卫工工作绩效的影响

Impact of COVID-19 Event Strength on Sanitation Workers′ Job Performance

新冠肺炎疫情爆发给人们的生活和工作造成巨大冲击。为了城市正常运行,许多从业者坚守在疫情防控一线,这其中就有承担了最脏最累工作的环卫工。然而,这群默默坚守的抗疫英雄却较少受到关注,特别是他们在这种特殊情况下的工作心理和结果表现。基于压力认知激活理论,从事件属性角度,考察环卫工感知的新冠肺炎疫情事件强度对工作绩效的影响及其作用机制。首先,检验新冠肺炎疫情事件强度对工作绩效的主效应;其次,分别检验工作意义和额外努力在二者关系中的中介效应;最后,构建链式中介模型检验新冠肺炎疫情事件强度通过工作意义和额外努力对工作绩效的链式中介效应。通过多时段、多来源的问卷调研,以四川省3个地级市578名环卫工为研究样本,借助Mplus 7.0统计软件和Bootstrap方法检验链式中介效应。研究结果表明,新冠肺炎疫情事件强度对环卫工工作绩效有显著正向影响;工作意义在新冠肺炎疫情事件强度与环卫工工作绩效关系中具有显著的中介作用;工作意义和额外努力在新冠肺炎疫情事件强度与环卫工工作绩效的关系之间具有链式中介作用,即新冠肺炎疫情事件强度越大,环卫工可以体验到更多的工作意义,进而付出额外努力的意愿就越强,相应的其工作绩效就越高。研究结果为组织正确认识事件及其相关主体之间的关系提供了重要的理论价值和实践启示,不仅丰富了组织行为学领域量化事件属性的实证研究,还扩展了压力认知激活理论的现有解释机制,为如何从消极的压力事件中获得积极效应增添了新的解读视角。在实践方面为组织管理中如何引导管理者和员工从逆境中变被动为主动提供了参考依据,倡导社会大众摒弃职业偏见,正确认识环卫工的劳动价值。

The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused a huge impact on people′s life and work. In order to ensure the normal operation of cities, many practitioners stick to the frontline of epidemic prevention and control, among which are for those at the bottom of the society undertaking the dirtiest and most tiring work-sanitation workers. However, this group of heroes who fought against the COVID-19 had attracted less attention and research, especially how they felt and performed at work during this special event. Based on the cognitive activation theory of stress, this study explored whether and how sanitation workers′ perceived COVID-19 event strength affect their job performance in the perspective of event attributes. This study firstly tested the main effect of the COVID-19 event strength on job performance, then tested the mediating effect of meaning of work and extra effort respectively between the COVID-19 event strength and job performance, and finally tested the chain-mediating effect of how the COVID-19 event strength affected job performance through meaning of work and extra effort, thus built a chain mediating model. By designing a multi-wave and multi-source survey, 578 sanitation workers in three prefecture-level cities of Sichuan Province were selected as the research sample, and the chain mediation model was verified by using Mplus 7.0 statistical software and Bootstrap method.The results showed that the COVID-19 event strength had a significant positive impact on the job performance of sanitation workers. While meaning of work played a significant mediating role in the relationship between COVID-19 event strength and sanitation workers′ job performance. Meaning of work and extra effort played a chain mediating role in the relationship between the COVID-19 event strength and sanitation workers′ job performance. In other words, the greater the COVID-19 event strength, the more meaning of work that sanitation workers could experience, then the more willing sanitation workers were to put in the extra efforts, and the higher their job performance.The results of this study would provide important theoretical value and practical implications to help organizations rightly deal with events and recognize the relationship between events and workers′ job performance. This study not only enriched the empirical study of quantitative event attributes in the field of organizational behavior, but also expanded the existing theory of stress, for how to gain positive effect from negative pressure events added new perspectives. In addition, current study results provide a reference for how to guide managers and employees to change from passivity to initiative in organizational management practice. At the same time, it also advocates the public to abandon occupational prejudice and correctly understand the labor value of sanitation workers.