基因编辑技术在水稻抗病基因与育种研究中的应用进展

Application progress of gene editing techniques in rice disease-resistant genes and breeding research

水稻是我国重要的粮食作物之一,更是世界上30多亿人的主要食物来源。近几十年,各种病原菌、虫害、气候变化以及其他不利环境因素层出不穷,对全球粮食安全生产构成了严重威胁。对于高产抗病水稻植株的研究需求越发迫切,但传统育种手段过程繁琐复杂、效率不高,因此利用基因编辑技术推进水稻抗病育种进程成为研究重点。其中以CRISPR系统、锌指核酸酶(ZFN)、转录激活样效应因子核酸酶(TALEN)、单碱基编辑系统(BE)和引导编辑系统(PE)等为代表的技术,在对水稻进行高效定点基因编辑,在缩短育种周期,培育综合抗性强的水稻品系方面起到了较大作用,并在基因研究、作物遗传改良等方面展示出了巨大的潜力。本文对基因编辑技术的原理,基因编辑技术的发展,以及基因编辑技术在水稻抗病基因及育种研究中的应用进展进行了综述,并展望了基因编辑技术在抗病育种中的应用前景。

Rice is one of the important food crops in China,and it is also the main food source for more than 3 billion people in the world.In recent decades,crop disease caused by various plant pathogens,climate change and other environmental problems seriously threaten global food security.There is an urgent need for rice plants with high yield and disease resistance,but the traditional breeding methods are complicated and inefficient.On the other hand,the numerous emerging gene editing techniques,such as CRISPR,zinc-finger nuclease(ZFN),transcription activator-like effector nuclease(TALEN),base editing(BE)and prime editing(PE),have shown great potential to accelerate rice breeding with increased yield,quality and disease resistance.They are also useful tools of fundamental research of gene function.In this review,we summarized the principles and developments of gene editing technologies,and their application progresses in rice disease resistance genes mining and breeding.Finally,we discussed the prospective applications of gene editing technologies in rice breeding for disease resistance.