生态法益刑法保障体系化及其罪名设置——以温茨“同心圆”理论为视角

The Systematization of Criminal Law Protection of Ecological Interests and its Criminalization——Wentz’s"Concentric Circles"Theory as a Perspective

环境犯罪对生态法益的保护不足与要素化立法缺陷是需要解决的问题。传统体系化理论应对此发力,应引入温茨同心圆理论,构造生态犯罪圈的二阶同心圆解释模型。生态法益是整个模型的核心客体,而生态犯罪圈由外而内阶梯型强化其生态法益保护目的是其二阶性的体现。倡议设置以生态法益为直接客体、以破坏生态为典型行为方式的"破坏生态罪",其基本犯可表述为违反国家规定,非法开发、利用或对生态系统及其要素施加不当影响,严重破坏生态系统或其要素的完整与功能,处一年以下有期徒刑、管制或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。对于与"破坏生态罪"预防目的相重叠的其他个罪,在罪刑设置上进行体系内协调,并加强现有要素化环境罪名对生态法益的保护。

The inadequate protection of ecological legal interests in environmental crime and the deficiencies of elementalised legislation are issues that need to be addressed.The traditional systemic theory should be strengthened by introducing the Wentz concentric circle theory and constructing a second-order concentric circle explanatory model of the ecological crime circle.The ecological benefit is the core object of the whole model,and the second-order nature of the ecological crime circle is reflected in the stepped strengthening of its ecological benefit protection purpose from the outside to the inside.It is proposed to create a"crime of ecological damage"with the ecological interest as the direct object and the typical act of ecological damage as the mode of conduct.The basic offence can be expressed as the illegal exploitation,use or undue influence on the ecosystem and its elements in violation of state regulations,seriously damaging the integrity and function of the ecosystem or its elements,punishable by imprisonment for a term of up to one year.The basic offence can be described as the unlawful exploitation,use or undue influence on an ecosystem or its elements in violation of state regulations,which seriously damages the integrity and function of the ecosystem or its elements.For other offences that overlap with the preventive purpose of the"ecological crime",the system should be harmonised in terms of penalties.Finally,the protection of ecological interests by the existing environmental offences should be strengthened.