中国大麦品种在蒙古国的品种适应性研究

Study on adaptability of Chinese barley varieties in Mongolia

【目的】将中国大麦品种引种至蒙古国试种,筛选适宜在蒙古国种植的丰产、优质大麦新品种。【方法】试验地点为蒙古国重要的大麦种植区——中央省宝淖尔苏木,采用随机区组设计,参试品种共9个,其中,6个中国内蒙古大麦品种(蒙啤麦1号、蒙啤麦2号、蒙啤麦3号、蒙啤麦4号、蒙啤麦5号、蒙啤麦6号),2个俄罗斯品种(PA-459、PA-412/6,为蒙古国农业大学新引进品种),以蒙古国当地种植品种(BURKHANT-1)为对照,分析比较9个品种的生育期、生长指标、产量性状及产量、籽粒品质指标。【结果】蒙啤麦4号生育期最短,为88 d,属早熟品种;蒙啤麦5号保苗率最高,为60.7%,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。蒙啤麦5号总穗数最高,为510.26万穗/hm2,显著高于对照(P<0.05);PА-459生物量最高,为3601.80 kg/hm^(2),显著高于对照(P<0.05);蒙啤麦5号生物量为3037.50 kg/hm^(2),与PA-459无显著差异(P>0.05)。蒙啤麦3号主穗粒数为38.4粒、主穗粒重为1.69 g,均显著高于其他品种(P<0.05);蒙啤麦5号产量最高,为1580.1 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产99.99%(P<0.05)。蒙啤麦5号蛋白质含量最低,为14.7%,适宜啤饲兼用。【结论】蒙啤麦5号产量高、品质好,具有啤饲兼用的特性,适宜在蒙古国推广。

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to introduce Chinese barley varieties to Mongolia for trial planting,so as to screen new varieties of high-yield and high-quality barley suitable for planting in Mongolia.【Methods】The experiment was implemented in Sumu Baonuer,Central Province,Mongolia,which was the main area of barley planting.There were 9 varieties in the experiment,including 6 barley varieties from Inner Mongolia of China(Mengpimai No.1,Mengpimai No.2,Mengpimai No.3,Mengpimai No.4,Mengpimai No.5,and Mengpimai No.6),2 varieties from Russia(PA-459,PA-412/6,newly introduced varieties by Mongolian Agricultural University),and a control variety from Mongolia(BURKHANT-1).The growth period,growth indexes,yield traits,yield and grain quality indexes of the 9 varieties were analyzed and compared.【Results】Mengpimai No.4 had the shortest growth period of 88 d and was an early maturing variety.The seedling retention rate of Mengpimai No.5 was the highest(60.7%),which was significantly higher than that of the other varieties(P<0.05).The total panicle number of Mengpimai No.5 was the highest(5102600 panicle/hm^(2)),which was significantly higher than that of CK(P<0.05).The biomass of PA-459 was the highest(3601.80 kg/hm2),which was significantly higher than that of CK(P<0.05).The biomass of Mengpimai No.5 was 3037.50 kg/hm^(2),which had no significant difference with that of PA-459(P>0.05).The kernel number and weight of main panicle of Mengpimai No.3 were 38.4 and 1.69 g,which were significantly higher than those of the other varieties(P<0.05).The yield of Mengpimai No.5 was the highest(1580.1 kg/hm^(2)),which was 99.99%higher than that of CK(P<0.05).The protein content of Mengpimai No.5 was the lowest(14.7%),which was suitable for both feeding and beer.【Conclusion】Mengpimai No.5 had high yield and good quality for both feeding and beer,and it was suitable for promotion in Mongolia.