沙芥果实精油抗氧化及抑菌活性的研究

Study on antioxidant and antibacterial activity of essential oil from the fruit of Pugionium cornutum

【目的】明确沙芥果实精油抗氧化及抑菌活性,为进一步开发利用沙芥果实精油产品提供参考。【方法】通过测定不同浓度沙芥果实稀释液清除·OH和·O2-的能力以及还原能力,分析沙芥果实精油的抗氧化活性,同时检测沙芥果实精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、李斯特菌、啤酒酵母、解脂假丝酵母、黑曲霉7种供试菌种的抑菌能力。【结果】沙芥果实精油具有较强的抗氧化活性,且随着沙芥果实精油浓度的增大而增强。沙芥果实精油清除·O2-能力要优于维生素C(VC)和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT),但还原能力低于VC和BHT。沙芥果实精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、李斯特菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉、啤酒酵母和解脂假丝酵母均具有较强的抑菌活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、李斯特菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为40 mg/mL,对枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC为30 mg/mL,对黑曲霉、啤酒酵母和解脂假丝酵母的MIC为8 mg/mL;李斯特菌的抑菌圈直径为15.34 mm,为高敏型;大肠杆菌、黑曲霉、啤酒酵母和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为14.29、14.00、11.26、10.20 mm,为中敏型;枯草芽孢杆菌和解脂假丝酵母的抑菌圈直径为9.70 mm和7.69 mm,为低敏型。沙芥果实精油对供试菌种的抑制效果顺序为李斯特菌>大肠杆菌>黑曲霉>啤酒酵母>金黄色葡萄球菌>枯草芽孢杆菌>解脂假丝酵母。【结论】沙芥果实精油具有较强的抗氧化活性和广谱的抑菌能力,是一种开发利用前景较好的天然植物原料。

【Objective】To clarify the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oil from the fruit of Pugionium cornutum,and to provide reference for further development and utilization of essential oil products from the fruit of Pugionium cornutum.【Methods】The antioxidant activity of essential oil from the fruit of Pugionium cornutum was analyzed by measuring the scavenging of ·OH amd ·O2-and reducing capacities of different concentrations of the fruit of Pugionium cornutum diluents. At the same time,the antibacterial activity of essential oil from the fruit of Pugionium cornutum against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis,Listeria monocytogenes,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Candida lipolitica and Aspergillus niger were detected. 【Results 】The antioxidative activity of essential oil from the fruit of Pugionium cornutum was strong,and it increased with the increase of the concentration of essential oil from the fruit of Pugionium cornutum. The scavenging ·O_(2)^(-)ability of essential oil from the fruit of Pugionium cornutum was better than vitamin C(VC)and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol(BHT),but the reducing ability was lower than VC and BHT. The essential oil from the fruit of Pugionium cornutum had strong antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Listeria monocytogenes,Bacillus subtilis,Aspergillus niger,Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida alpium.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes was40 mg/mL. The MIC was 30 mg/mL for Bacillus subtilis,8 mg/mL for Aspergillus niger,Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albatum. The inhibition zone diameter of Listeria monocytogenes was 15.34 mm,which was high-sensitive type.The inhibition zone diameters of Escherichia coli,Aspergillus niger,Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Staphylococcus aureus were14.29,14.00,11.26 and 10.20 mm,respectively,which was moderate-sensitive type. The diameters of inhibition zone of Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans were 9.70 mm and 7.69 mm,respectively,which was low-sensitive type. The order of inhibitory effect of essential oil from the fruit of Pugionium cornutum on the tested bacteria was Listeria monocytogenes>Escherichia coli >Aspergillus niger >Saccharomyces cerevisiae >Staphylococcus aureus >Bacillus subtilis >Candida lipolitica.【Conclusion】The essential oil from the fruit of Pugionium cornutum had strong antioxidant activity and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity,which was a kind of natural plant material with good prospect for development and utilization.