食用菌副产物资源化再利用研究进展

The Research Progress on Resource Utilization of By-products of Edible Fungi Industry

食用菌味道鲜美,营养丰富,经济价值高,但产生的副产物容易造成资源浪费和环境污染。为了促进食用菌副产物的合理化、资源化利用,在参阅大量文献资料基础上,对近年来食用菌副产物在饲料生产、肥料生产、栽培基质制备、新能源生产、生态环境修复剂开发以及生物活性物质提取等方面的利用现状进行了归纳总结,分析了食用菌副产物再利用过程中存在的主要问题,如食用菌及菌渣一体化产业链不完善、菌渣再利用机制不明确、菌渣吸附有害物质后仍需二次处理等,并展望了食用菌副产物循环再利用的可观前景。总体而言,食用菌副产物资源丰富,有效再利用的途径很多,应加强与农业、养殖业的有机结合,实现资源利用的最大化。

Edible fungi has delicious taste,rich nutrition and high economic value,but the by-products are easy to cause resource waste and environmental pollution.In order to promote the rationalization and resource utilization of edible fungi by-products,based on a large number of literature,the utilization status of edible fungi by-products on feed production,fertilizer production,cultivation matrix preparation,new energy production,development of ecological environment restoration agents and extraction of bioactive substances in recent years were summarized.The main problems existing in the reuse of edible fungi by-products were analyzed,such as the imperfect integrated industrial chain of edible fungi and mushroom residue,the unclear reuse mechanism of mushroom residue,and the need for secondary treatment after mushroom residue adsorbed harmful substances.The prospect of the recycling of edible fungi by-products was also prospected.In general,the resources of edible fungi by-products are rich,and there are many ways to reuse them effectively.The organic combination with agriculture and aquaculture should be strengthened to maximize the utilization of resources.