脂质过氧化在环境污染物生化效应研究中的应用与展望

Application and prospect of lipid peroxidation in the study of biochemical effects of environmental pollutants

脂质是4大生物化学分子之一,参与了许多重要的生命活动过程。在研究环境污染物或污染因素的生化效应时,脂质过氧化程度是一项常用的检测指标。各种重金属或类金属,不同化学本质的纳米材料,多环芳烃、农药等有机污染物,以及臭氧、热浪、辐射等环境理化胁迫因素,都能引起脂质过氧化反应。脂质过氧化反应可以发生在不同进化阶层物种的细胞中,包括细菌、真菌、植物和动物等。大多数污染物或污染因素通过产生活性氧基团或抑制抗氧化系统的活性引起脂质过氧化反应,因此,该反应是环境污染物引起氧化应激效应的重要指标之一。脂质过氧化反应指标受实验设计中的污染物浓度、暴露时效、机体差异,特别是机体抗氧化系统的平衡作用等条件参数的影响。未来可以结合检测脂质组成和细胞膜功能的指标,以及利用现代组学的手段对参与脂质代谢的相关酶和基因进行研究,以期更全面地理解脂质在环境污染物生化效应中的作用。

Lipid is one of the four major biochemical molecules,and it plays important roles in many life processes.Lipid peroxidation(LPO)is commonly used to measure the effect of environmental pollutants or contamination factors on biochemistry processes.In this review,we summarized different kinds of pollutants or contamination factors that have been reported to induce LPO,including metals or metalloids,nanophase materials with different chemical properties,organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides,as well as environmental physical and chemical stress factors such as ozone,heat wave and radiation.Lipid peroxidation can occur in cells of different evolutionary classes of species,including bacteria,fungi,plants and animals.Most pollutants or contamination factors induce LPO through producing reactive oxidative species or inhibiting anti-oxidation systems.Therefore,this reaction is one of the important indicators of oxidative stresses caused by environmental pollutants.The LPO indexes are influenced by exposure time and doses,organism differences,and the balance between oxidation and anti-oxidation systems.In the future,we should be able to better understand the roles of lipids in the biochemical reaction to environmental pollution by using multi-omics technology and new measurements about lipid composition and membrane function.