制度知识在魏晋的断裂与延续

The Breakage and Continuation of Institutional Knowledge in the Wei and Jin Dynasties

制度知识是政治体制有序运转的重要保障。经长期积累,制度知识的体系至汉末已相当繁密。在汉魏之际与两晋之际的两次大规模战乱中,官制礼仪知识因文献、实物的损毁而破败流失,面临传承断绝的危机。后续的制度恢复步履维艰,仅依靠个别精于制度之学的官僚勉强开展。制度知识历经动荡而未完全散亡,离不开士人家学的支撑。颍川荀氏、北地傅氏、河东裴氏、琅邪王氏等魏晋高门均重视官制礼仪的传习,这项知识特长也成为维持家族威望的助力。

Institutional knowledge is an important guarantee for the orderly operation of the political system.After long-term accumulation,the system of institutional knowledge had been quite complicated until the end of the Han Dynasty.In the two large-scale wars between the Han and Wei Dynasties and the two Jin Dynasties,the institutional knowledge was lost due to the destruction of the literature and the real objects.It was also faced with a crisis of inheritance and severance.Subsequent system recovery was difficult,relying on several officials who had institutional knowledge.With the support from family studies,institutional knowledge did not completely die away.The dominant families in the Wei and Jin Dynasties,including Yingchuan Xun family,the Beidi Fu family,the Hedong Pei family,and the Langya Wang family,all paid attention to the institutional knowledge.The specialty in such knowledge also becomes a driving force to maintain their family status.