行政公益诉讼中的磋商程序研究

Research on Consultation Procedure in Administrative Public Interest Litigation

在行政公益诉讼中设置磋商程序,既有提高公共利益的保护效率、尊重行政权优先行使、体现检察谦抑性等法理基础,也有践行双赢多赢共赢理念、形成公共利益保护合力、节约司法资源、提升行政公益诉讼案件办理质效等现实需要。借鉴国际法、WTO及生态损害赔偿制度中的磋商制度,应当将行政公益诉讼中的磋商程序设置为体现检察机关法律监督职能、提醒行政机关履行法定职责、开展事实与整改结果核实、协同各方力量保护公共利益、提高行政公益诉讼案件办理效率的必经程序。磋商程序的具体内容设置,应当包括磋商的主导机关、告知、磋商形式、磋商义务、磋商善意原则的适用等,还应体现磋商的完成性、充分性、关联性等内容。设置磋商程序,需要与行政公益诉讼诉前程序的其他制度如调查、检察建议、案件终结等程序衔接,以增强这一制度的科学性和合理性,确保程序设置后运转的流畅和高效,通过这一程序进一步提升行政公益诉讼的效率,更好地促进行政机关依法行政,更好地保障行政公益诉讼工作的开展。

The establishment of consultation procedure in administrative public interest litigation is based on legal theories of improving the efficiency of public interest protection,the respect of the priority of administrative power,embodying the principle of modesty of prosecution.On the other hand,it could meet the practical needs such as practicing the idea of win-win,forming the cooperation in public interest protection,saving judicial resources and improving the quality and efficiency of administrative public interest litigation cases.Referring the consultation procedure in international law,in WTO rules and in ecological damage compensation system,the consultation procedure in administrative public interest litigation should be set as necessary procedure to embody the supervision function of the procuratorate,to remind the administrative institution to perform its legal duties,to verify facts and rectification results,to coordinate and make different department cooperate in protecting public interests and to improve the efficiency of administrative public interest litigation.The content of the consultation procedure should include the leading institution,notification,the form of consultation,the obligation of consultation,the application of good faith principle in consultation,etc.It should also reflect the completion,sufficiency,relevance and other contents of consultation.It is necessary to coordinate consultation procedure with other procedure in administrative public interest litigation,such as investigation,procuratorial proposal and case termination,to make this procedure more scientific and rational and ensure its smooth and efficient operation afterwards,which could improve the efficiency of administrative public interest litigation and promote the administrative institution to perform its duties according to law,and guarantee the progress of administrative public interest litigation.