“一带一路”背景下西南地区就业结构与产业结构的协调性研究——以广西、云南、西藏三省(区)为例

Research on the Coordination of Employment Structure and Industrial Structure in Southwest China Under the Background of“the Belt and Road”——Taking Guangxi,Yunnan and Tibet as Examples

产业结构与就业结构的协调发展对于充分、高质量就业与经济高质量发展具有重要意义。本文从就业的所有制结构、城乡结构、产业分布结构分析了“一带一路”建设以来我国及西南三省(区)的就业结构变化,并运用协调系数、结构偏离度、相似系数对其就业结构与产业结构的协调性及地区间趋同度进行测度。研究发现,全国及西南三省(区)产业结构与就业结构的协调性均有所提升,全国三次产业中第一产业发展的协调性水平最低,存在较严重的劳动力过剩现象。西南三省(区)产业结构趋同化趋势明显;产业结构与就业结构协调性不断提高的同时,仍存在产业结构和就业结构的“错位”问题;西南三省(区)产业与就业的协调程度存在明显的地区异质性,三次产业的协调性从高到低依次为第三产业、第一产业、第二产业。最后基于实证分析结果提出了推进西南地区产业结构与就业结构协调发展的优化建议。

The coordinated development of industrial structure and employment structure is of great significance for fully,high-quality employment and high-quality economic development.The paper reflects and analyzes the employment structure chan⁃ges of China and three southwestern provinces from the ownership structure,urban and rural structure and industrial distribution structure since the construction of“the Belt and Road”,and measures the coordination of the employment structure and industrial structure with the coordination coefficient,structure deviation and similarity coefficient.The study finds that the coordination of in⁃dustrial structure and employment structure in the country and the three southwest provinces or autonomous regions has been im⁃proved,and the development of the primary industry is the lowest and exists more serious labor surplus phenomenon.The industrial structure of the three provinces or districts is obvious;while the industrial structure and employment structure improve,there is still the dislocation of industrial structure and employment structure;the coordination of industry and employment,including the tertia⁃ry,primary and secondary industries.Finally,based on the optimization suggestions for the coordinated development of industrial structure and employment structure in southwest China.