基于《无障碍设计规范》的超大城市道路交通人行道无障碍建设状况评价——以上海市为例

Evaluation of Accessibility of Road Traffic Sidewalks Using the Codes for Accessibility Design in the Mega-city:a Case of Shanghai

目的评价上海市道路交通人行道无障碍建设状况。方法2019年7月至9月,方便抽样选取上海市46条道路交通人行道,基于《无障碍设计规范(GB 50763-2012)》和《无障碍设施设计标准(DGJ08-103-2003)》研制评价工具,对人行道进行客观查检与主观体验,采用描述性分析方法分析人行道各评价维度及评价内容达标率,采用主成分分析法计算各评价维度客观权重,构建人行道综合障碍得分模型,比较上海市不同区域人行道综合障碍得分。2019年9月至11月,对11例功能障碍者进行深度访谈,了解功能障碍者对人行道障碍的主观评价。结果人行道无障碍建设总体达标率为4.35%。人行道无障碍评价内容中,93.5%人行道具有缘石坡道,91.3%坡道与车行道之间存在高差,26.1%人行道未铺设盲道,71.7%盲道被电线杆等阻隔,84.8%盲道被障碍物占道。人行道无障碍评价维度中,提示盲道客观权重最大。中心城区人行道障碍程度(高障碍36.7%、中障碍20.0%)高于主城片区(高、中障碍均为6.3%)(P<0.05)。主观评价显示,人行道使用体验中障碍较多,人行道无障碍设施使用意愿较低。结论上海市大多数人行道未达到人行道《无障碍设计规范》的标准。人行道无障碍设施建设、维护等需求较为迫切。

Objective To evaluate the accessibility construction status of road traffic sidewalks in Shanghai.Methods From July to September,2019,46 road traffic sidewalks in Shanghai were selected using a convenience sampling,and evaluation tools were designed based on the Codes for Accessibility Design(GB 50763-2012)and Standards for Design on Accessibility of Buildings and Facilities(DGJ08-103-2003).After field check and experience for the sidewalks,the compliance rates of evaluation dimensions and evaluation contents of sidewalks were analyzed using the descriptive analysis.The weights of each dimension were calculated using the principal component analysis to construct the sidewalk comprehensive barrier score model,and to compare the sidewalk comprehensive barrier scores in different areas of Shanghai.From September to November 2019,in-depth interviews were conducted with eleven persons with disabilities to understand the sidewalk barriers for them.Results The overall compliance rate of sidewalk accessibility was 4.35%.Among the evaluated contents,93.5%sidewalks had a curb ramp,91.3% had a height difference between the ramp and the carriageway,26.1% were not paved with tactile ground surface indicators;71.7%tactile ground surface indicators were blocked by poles,etc.,and 84.8% were occupied by obstacles.The warning indicator was the greatest weight among the evaluated dimensions.The barrier of sidewalks was high(36.7%)and medium(20.0%)in the central area,which was higher than that in the sub-central area(both 6.3%)(P<0.05).There were many obstacles during the experience of sidewalks using,resulting in less using of the barrier-free facilities.Conclusion Most of the sidewalks in Shanghai do not meet the standards of the Codes for Accessibility Design.It is urgent to construct and maintain the barrier-free facilities.