181例流行性脑脊髓膜炎疫苗不良反应案例分析

Analysis of 181 cases with adverse reactions of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis

目的分析流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)疫苗不良反应案例的特点,探讨流脑疫苗不良反应产生的原因并寻找预防和降低不良反应的干预措施。方法检索中国期刊全文数据库、维普数据库和万方数据知识服务平台,收集公开报道流脑疫苗不良反应案例的文献,将案例相关资料录入Excel表格,然后进行分类统计与分析。结果共检索到符合纳入标准的文献98篇,报道流脑疫苗不良反应181例。其中,异常反应76例、一般反应61例、偶合症27例、预防接种差错事故5例、接种疫苗前已患病3例以及不明原因9例。结论接种流脑疫苗存在着发生不良反应的风险。必须加强疫苗的流通管理、提高预防接种专业人员的业务水平、加大疫苗接种安全知识的宣传和教育工作、制定流脑疫苗不良反应的应急处理方案,以便预防和减少流脑疫苗不良反应案件数量,降低流脑疫苗不良反应医患纠纷。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of adverse reaction cases of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis(epidemic meningitis) vaccine, explore the causes of adverse reactions of epidemic meningitis vaccine and find the interventions to prevent and reduce adverse reactions of epidemic meningitis vaccine. Methods A comprehensive retrieval was conducted to collect all the published literature regarding adverse reactions of epidemic meningitis vaccine on the China Knowledge Network, CQVIP Database and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform. The related information was entered into the EXCEL form, and then was classified and statistically analyzed. Results A total of 98 articles eligible for inclusion criteria were collected and reported 181 cases with adverse reactions of epidemic meningitis vaccine. Among them, there were 76 cases with abnormal reaction, 61 cases with general reaction,27 cases with coupling reaction, 5 cases with vaccination error, 3 cases with disease before vaccination and 9 cases with unknowncause disease. Conclusions Vaccinating epidemic meningitis vaccine means facing a risk of adverse reactions. In order to prevent and reduce the number of adverse reaction cases of epidemic meningitis vaccines and decrease the patient-doctor dispute, it is necessary to strengthen the circulation management of vaccines, improve the professional level of vaccinators, enhance the propaganda and education of vaccine safety knowledge and formulate emergency treatment plans for adverse reactions of epidemic meningitis vaccine.