金融资本的寄生性积累与21世纪新版大萧条

Parasitic Accumulation of Financial Capital and A New Version of the Great Depression in the 21 st Century

2008年以来的西方经济危机不是局部的、片面的危机,而是根源于金融资本自身积累方式的全面危机。金融资本是在产业资本、商业资本、银行资本垄断融合的基础上产生并进一步支配着不动产、国债、货币发行权等等的总资本。在对生产关系全面支配的基础上,金融资本通过专利权、定价权、创业利润、地产寻租、股票投机、盗窃国库、铸币税、汇率投机等途径建立了一套日益自主的寄生性积累体系。金融资本的寄生性积累使寄生阶层膨胀、贫富差距拉大、市场规模缩小、制造业成本增加,使社会再生产萎缩。金融资本滥用信用体系缓解危机的努力,又造成了从个人、企业到公共权力的沉重债务负担;债务膨胀和产业萎缩互相强化,把资本主义引向债务通缩危机,引向大萧条。新自由主义采取降息、减税、量化宽松等政策对金融危机进行救助,使21世纪的新版大萧条在一定程度上避免了1929年那样的断崖式危机,却加剧了主权债务危机、福利社会危机、意识形态危机和国际关系危机,催生了右翼民粹主义,加速了政治反动;也加速了民众的动员,为社会民主主义和社会主义运动的复兴、为消除金融资本寄生性积累的生产关系根基准备着条件。

The western economic crisis since 2008 is not a partial and one——sided crisis,but a comprehensive crisis rooted in the accumulation mode of financial capital itself.Financial capital refers to the total capital which is generated on the basis of monopoly and integration of industrial capital,commercial capital,and bank capital and further dominates real estate,national debts,currency issuance rights,etc.On the basis of full dominance of production relations,financial capital has established an increasingly autonomous parasitic accumulation system through patent rights,pricing rights,entrepreneurial profits,real estate rent-seeking,stock speculation,theft of treasury,seigniorage,exchange rate speculation,etc.The parasitic accumulation of financial capital expands the parasitic class,widens the gap between the rich and the poor,shrinks the market size,increases manufacturing costs,and shrinks social reproduction.The efforts of financial capital to alleviate the crisis by abusing the credit system have caused heavy debt burdens on individuals,enterprises and public power.Debt inflation and industrial shrinkage reinforce each other,leading capitalism to a debt deflation crisis and then to the Great Depression.Neo-liberalism adopted policies such as interest rate cuts,tax cuts,and quantitative easing to alleviate the financial crisis,so that the new version of the Great Depression in the 21sc century avoided a clif-like crisis like the one in 1929 to a certain extent,but it exacerbated the sovereign debt crisis,the social welfare crisis,the ideological crisis and the international relations crisis.It also gave birth to right-wing populism and accelerated political reaction,as well as sped up the mobilization of the people to prepare for the rejuvenation of social democracy and socialist movement and the elimination of the production relations foundation of the parasitic accumulation of financial capital.