1895—1937年中国民族棉纺织企业的一体化进程

The Integration Process of National Cotton Textile Enterprises in China between 1895 and 1937

20世纪前期,约41家中国民族棉纺织企业出现了一体化的经营行为。1920年前后为发轫阶段,20年代横向扩张风行,启张并举,具有超前性;其前半期的目的是抢占粗纱市场,后半期则通过并购实现行业重组,但遗留了“细纱问题”;此后,解体和转向行为增多,横向扩张不显。随之染织业兴起,细纱交易不济,染织厂整合棉纱生产。30年代以纺织染联营为代表的纵向扩张盛行,带动了上游棉纱的高支化和下游印染技术的提高。此时,多元化从低程度开始趋向中高程度,表现出多种产业体系的综合型和多种原料纺织印染生产的专门型两种不同的方向。民族企业的一体化行为增加了民族工业中先进部分的分量,推动了中国工业化进程;更重要的是,促进了传统与现代生产部门的糅合与嬗进,成为二元经济结构向现代一元化格局推进的重要动力之一。

At the early stage of the 20 th century,there appeared an integratiing operation amongst about 41 national cotton textile enterprises in China.The operation commenced its undertaking majorly around 1920,and got its popularity very soon in the 1920 swith its commencing and expanding together,showing some advancement.In the first half of 1920 s,the operation aimed to seize the market of roving,while in the second half of it,an industry restructuring had been accomplished by means of mergers and acquisitions,but the"problem of spun yarn"was left over.Later on,disintegration and transformation behaviors increased,and lateral expansion was not significant.With the rise of dyeing and weaving industry,transactions of spun yarn were depressed,and dyeing and weaving factories integrated cotton yarn production.In 1930 s,the prevailing of vertical integration presented by textile dyeing joint venture drove the increasing of both the high count of upstream cotton yarn and downstream printing and dyeing technology.At this time,a diversification began from a low degree to a high degree,showing two different directions as integrating of multi-industry system and specializing of multiple raw materials textile printing and dyeing production.The integration of national enterprises increased the weight of the advanced part of national industry,having promoted the process of industrialization in China;and what’s more,having promoted the integrating and innovating of the traditional and modern production departments,having become one of the important driving forces in the advancing of enterprises from a dual economic structure to a modern unified pattern.