“巴洛克”探源:一个西方艺术史“概念”的形成与发展

The Origin of"Baroque":The Development and Formation of a"Concept"in Western Art History

“巴洛克”一词作为西方艺术史重要术语,经历了“语义”的漫长演化。中世纪“巴洛克”特指经院哲学中的教条“三段论”,大航海时期葡萄牙人用于表述珠宝贸易中的“有瑕疵的珍珠”,意大利文艺复兴时期又指不规范的放贷行为,启蒙运动时期开始用于形容夸张与古怪的艺术现象。19世纪后期“巴洛克”被规定为“艺术史”的概念之一,20世纪晚期以来广泛使用在艺术的众多领域,指代与各种“标准、中心”等相背离的众多文化与艺术现象。

"Baroque"is an important term in western art history.It has undergone a long evolution of"semantics".In the Middle Ages,it was used in the syllogism of scholastic philosophy;the Portuguese used it to express the"defective pearls"in the jewelry trade during the Great Navigation Period;during the Renaissance,Italians used it to mean usury;and during the Enlightenment Period,it was used to describe exaggerating and bizarre things in art.In the late 19th century,it was defined as one of the concepts of art history,expressed as"the late stage of classical art""a style type"or"a concept of epoch",etc.Since the late 20th century,this word has been widely used in many fields of art to express many cultural and artistic phenomena that deviate from various standards,centers,and so on.