深圳市龙岗区青少年屈光状态及眼生物参数变化的队列研究

A cohort study on the change of refraction state and ocular biological parameters in teenagers in Longgang, Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市龙岗区青少年屈光状态及眼生物参数变化的变化。方法选取深圳市龙岗区4所九年一贯制学校的四年级和初一年级进行抽样,2018年完成第一轮调查,2020年对同一调查对象进行随访。采用对数视力表、电脑验光仪及索维生物测量检测视力、等效球镜及眼生物学参数,仅纳入右眼数据进行分析。结果与2018年比较,2020年男生、女生等效球镜和眼轴参数增加(P<0.01)。2018年初一学生等效球镜、眼轴、角膜曲率及前房深度大于四年级学生;2020年两个年级学生的上述参数均高于2018年(P<0.05或0.01)。2018年公立学校学生的等效球镜及眼轴均大于私立学校学生,2020年两类学校学生等效球镜及眼轴均增加(P<0.01)。与2018年比较,2020年两类学校学生的角膜曲率及前房深度均有变化(P<0.01)。2020年四年级学生近视率从50.2%上升至62.1%,初一学生近视率从71.0%上升至83.9%(P<0.01)。2020年女生近视率高于男生,初一学生近视率高于四年级,公立学校高于私立学校(P<0.05)。初一学生近视戴镜率高于四年级,公立学校学生高于私立学校(P<0.05)。结论深圳市龙岗区青少年等效球镜、眼生物学参数随年龄增长而改变,近视率也相应增加。

Objective To understand make a contrast of the change in the change of refraction state and ocular biological parameters in teenagers in Longgang,Shenzhen.Methods The Grade 7 and Grade 4 in 4 schools of nine-year system were sampled.The first round of survey was completed in 2018 and the follow-up was performed in 2020 on the same respondent.The logarithmic acuity chart and the computerized optometry and the Sauvignon measurement device were used to measure the ocular biological parameters.Analysis was made only on the data of the right eye.Results Compared with those in 2018,the spherical equivalent and the eye axis of boy and girl students in 2020 were increased(P<0.01).In 2018,the Grade 7 had the spherical equivalent,eye axis,corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth greater than Grade 4;In 2020,the students in both grades had the above parameters higher than in 2018(P<0.05 or 0.01).In 2018,the students in public schools had the spherical equivalent and eye axis greater than those in private schools,and in 2020,the students in these two kinds of schools had the spherical equivalent and eye axis increased(P<0.01).Compared with 2018,the students in these two kinds of schools in 2020 all had changes in corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth(P<0.01).In 2020,the myopia rate of the students in Grade 4 had increased from 50.2%to 62.1%,and that in Grade 7 had increased from 71.0%to 83.9%(P<0.01).In 2020,girl students had the myopia rate higher than boy students,the students in Grade 7 had the myopia rate higher than in Grade 4,and the students in public school had the myopia rate higher than in private school(P<0.05).The students in Grade 7 had the glass-wearing rate higher than in Grade 4,and the students in public schools had the glass-wearing rate higher than in private schools.Conclusion The spherical equivalent and ocular biological parameters change with the age and the myopia rate increases correspondingly.