德国学徒制中的国际流动项目研究

Research on International Mobility Program in German Apprenticeship

在国际化背景下,德国的经济和劳动力市场正在经历着新的挑战。在政策层面,德国原有的职业教育法律法规不断发展,要求在其学徒制中加入国际流动项目。国际流动项目一方面可以帮助本国学徒到国外实习,从而具备胜任国际市场的能力;另一方面,可以为外国青年进入德国劳动力市场做准备。为了扩大其影响力,德国联邦政府采用了网络宣传,附带国际资格证书等措施,同时加强国外实习的质量保障。但是国际流动项目在发展中也面临着很多问题,例如由于资助比例有限和企业规模限制,申请长期国际流动项目的学徒数量远少于短期国际流动项目。对于这类问题,应开展国际流动项目的相关理论研究,提升企业参与的积极性。

In the context of internationalization, Germany’s economy and labor market are experiencing new challenges. At the policy level, Germany’s original vocational education laws and regulations continue to develop, requiring the inclusion of international mobility programs in its apprenticeship. On the one hand, the international mobility programs can help apprentices in their home country to go abroad for internships, so as to have the ability to compete in the international market;on the other hand, it can prepare foreign young people to enter the German labor market. International mobility programs have clear application procedures and funding schemes, and they play an increasingly important role in the German apprenticeship. In order to expand its influence, the German Federal Government has adopted measures such as network propaganda, attached with international qualification certificates, and at the same time strengthened the quality assurance of foreign internships. However, the development of international mobility programs also faces many problems. For example, due to the limited funding ratio and the size of the enterprise, the number of apprentices applying for long-term international mobility programs is far less than that of short-term international mobility programs. For such issues, relevant theoretical research on international mobility programs should be carried out to increase the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate.