天津市老年人认知域功能及其影响因素分析

Analysis of cognitive domain functions and their influencing factors of the elderly in Tianjin city

目的了解天津市老年人不同认知域功能现状,并对其影响因素进行分析。方法采用分群随机抽样,应用基本情况调查表、日常生活功能量表(ADL)、基本认知能力测试(BCAT)软件,对天津市60岁及以上老年人的不同认知域功能进行评估,采用多元线性回归分析对其影响因素进行分析。结果共调查140名天津市老年人,其各认知域影响因素的多元线性回归分析结果为,知觉速度(PS):Y=5.956+1.396X_(1)+1.595X_(2),X_(1)为文化程度,X_(2)为经常饮茶;心算效率(MAE):Y=5.942+2.148X_(1)+1.717X_(2),X_(1)为文化程度,X_(2)为有配偶;空间表象效率(SIE):Y=9.117-0.820X,X为年龄;工作记忆(WM):Y=13.775-3.058X_(1)+1.539X_(2),X_(1)为年龄,X_(2)为文化程度;记忆再认(RM):Y=9.900+1.643X_(1)-1.392X_(2),X_(1)为有配偶,X_(2)为女性;BCAT总分:Y=51.138-6.821X_(1)+5.516X_(2)+4.046X_(3),X_(1)为年龄,X_(2)为脑力劳动,X_(3)为文化程度。结论天津市老年人认知功能主要受到年龄、文化程度、工作性质、婚姻状态、饮茶频率、性别的影响,应针对以上因素采取措施,预防各认知域的功能衰退。

Objective To survey the current situation of functions in different cognitive domains of the elderly in Tianjin city,and analyze their influencing factors.Methods Some elderly people aged 60 and over in Tianjin city were selected as the survey subjects by cluster random sampling.The basic information questionnaire,Activity of Daily Living Scale(ADL)and Basic Cognitive Aptitude Test(BCAT)software were used to evaluate their functions in different cognitive domains,and multiple linear regression was used to analyze their influencing factors.Results A total of 140 elderly people were investigated.The results of multiple linear regression analysis of the influencing factors of each cognitive domain were as follows:for the equation of perceptual speed(PS):Y=5.956+1.396X_(1)+1.595X_(2),X_(1)was education level,X_(2)was frequency of tea drinking;for the equation of mental arithmetic efficiency(MAE):Y=5.942+2.148X_(1)+1.717X_(2),X_(1)was education level,X_(2)was spouse;for the equation of space imagery efficiency(SIE):Y=9.117-0.820X_(1),X_(1)was age;for the equation of working memory(WM):Y=13.775-3.058X_(1)+1.539X_(2),X_(1)was age,X_(2)was education level;for the equation of recognition memory(RM):Y=9.900+1.643X_(1)-1.392X_(2),X_(1)was spouse,X_(2)was female;for the equation of total score of BCAT,Y=51.138-6.821X_(1)+5.516X_(2)+4.046X_(3),X_(1)was age,X_(2)was mental labor,X_(3)was educational level.Conclusion The cognitive function of the elderly in Tianjin city is mainly affected by age,educational level,job category,marital status,frequency of tea drinking and gender.Measures should be taken to prevent the functional decline of various cognitive domains according to the above factors.