有机无机肥配施对水稻产量和氮素利用的影响

Effects of the Combination of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Utilization

为了探明有机肥施用对水稻产量和氮素利用率的影响,选择典型稻田,以不施氮肥为对照(CK),设置了尿素分次施用处理(U)以及尿素配合有机肥基施处理(MU)和单一有机肥基施处理(M),分析水稻生长、产量形成和氮素利用率的差异。结果表明:与U处理相比,MU处理的水稻产量和氮肥利用率基本持平,但单一有机肥处理的产量和氮肥利用率显著下降。与尿素分次施用处理相比,MU处理在产量构成上无显著差异,说明有机无机肥配施处理可以满足水稻生长过程中的氮素需求。然而,M处理前期地上部干物质积累和分蘖能力显著降低,造成有效穗数显著减少,导致减产。综合分析,有机无机肥配施可以减少施肥次数和人力投入同时保证稳产,并且长期施用有机肥对于提高稻田土壤肥力和可持续性具有重要意义。

In order to determine the effects of application of organic fertilizer on rice yield and N use efficiency, an experiment was established on a typical rice field including N-zero(CK), urea split application(U), the combination of urea plus organic fertilizer(MU), and application of organic fertilizer alone(M) treatment. Crop growth, yield formation, and plant N uptake were measured to analyze the differences among treatments. Grain yield and N use efficiency under MU were comparable with U treatment. However, compared to U treatment, grain yield and N use efficiency was significantly reduced under M treatment. There were no differences in yield components between U and MU treatments, indicating the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers could meet the nitrogen demand of rice growth. However, shoot dry matter accumulation and tiller number were significantly lower in M treatment than U treatment, which led to low productive panicle and yield. Hence, the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers could fertilizer application times and labor input without reducing yield production, and long-term application of organic fertilizer is of great significance to improve the fertility and sustainability of paddy soil.