步枪工业设计研究综述

The Review on Rifle Industrial Design Research

目的探索步枪系统中工业设计的影响因素、设计方法和评价方法,协助枪械设计师通过工业设计方法,处理步枪系统毁伤威力、适用性、可靠性与人的能力之间的博弈关系。方法以步枪“弹—枪—人”系统的发展演变历程为历史基础,总结提出了步枪“弹—枪—人”动力学系统与“人—机—环”工业设计系统之间的关系;结合国内外武器系统作战效能评价方法,总结工业设计在战略层、战区层、战斗层、系统层和性能层5个层次中对步枪作战效能的影响关系;探讨现代步枪设计中的工业设计方法,总结提出枪械结构、零件材质、加工工艺、人机工效4个方面的步枪系统作战效能设计优化方法。结论在现代化、信息化、体系化战争背景之下,步枪系统与人的能力之间的博弈关系会继续存在,并且两者之间的矛盾会愈加强烈,需要设计师通过工业设计的理念和方法对步枪系统进行整体优化,在向人能力妥协的同时,满足战争对步枪系统毁伤威力、可靠性、适用性的需求。

Explore the influencing factors,design methods and evaluation methods of industrial design in the rifle system,and assist firearm designers to deal with the game relationship between the damage power,applicability,reliability and human ability of the rifle system through industrial design methods.Based on the historical basis of the development and evolution of the rifle“bullet-gun-person”system,the relationship between the“bullet-gun-person”dynamics system of the rifle and the“person-machine-ring”industrial design system was summarized and proposed.Combining domestic and foreign weapon system combat effectiveness evaluation methods,summarizing the impact of industrial design on rifle combat effectiveness in five levels:strategic level,theater level,combat level,system level,and performance level;discussed industrial design in modern rifle design methods,summarized and put forward the design optimization method of rifle system combat efficiency from four aspects:firearm structure,parts material,processing technology,ergonomics.Under the background of modernization,informatization,and systematic warfare,the game relationship between the rifle system and human capabilities will continue to exist,and the contradiction will become more intense.It is necessary for designers to use the concepts and methods of industrial design to carry out the rifle system.The overall optimization,while compromising the ability of people,satisfies the war’s demand for the damage power,reliability,and applicability of the rifle system.