支撑“双碳”目标的风光发电装备安全运行关键技术

Key Technologies for the Safe Operation of Wind and Solar Power Generation Equipment in Support of the "Peak CO Emissions and Carbon Neutrality" Policy

为支撑碳达峰、碳中和目标,在今后较长时间,我国风力和光伏发电为主的新能源发电系统将继续迎来加速发展。风力和光伏发电在快速发展的进程中,环境因素带来的挑战影响着系统的安全运行,同时带来高额的运维成本。因此,针对风光发电装备面临的雷击、覆冰、积尘、封装问题和智能运维等几个方面展开评述,对国内外已有的研究进展进行总结,并梳理了5个尚待解决的关键问题:多气候因素影响下旋转风机的雷击接闪机制,适应复杂环境的全天候风机叶片研制,钙钛矿太阳电池隔水氧可靠封装技术,基于数字孪生的风光发电装备全天候智能运维技术和风光发电装备零碳排可循环回收技术。对这些问题的有效解决将提升风光发电装备在复杂环境的适应性,推动以风光发电为主的新能源发电系统的安全运行,减少对高碳排放化石能源的依赖,助力实现"双碳"目标。

To support the goal of "peak CO2 emissions and carbon neutrality", China’s new energy sources, mainly wind power and photovoltaic power generation, will continue to see accelerated development in the longer term. In the process of rapid development of wind power and solar power generation, environmental factors bring challenges that affect the safe operation of the systems while creating high operation and maintenance costs. This paper reviewed the lightning strike, icing, dust accumulation, encapsulation and intelligent operation and maintenance of power generation systems, summarized the research progress in China and abroad, and clarified five key issues to be solved as follows: lightning strike mechanism of rotating wind turbines under the influence of multiple climate factors, development of all-weather wind turbine blades adapting to complex environments, reliable encapsulation technology of perovskite solar cells with water and oxygen isolation, digital-twin based all-weather intelligent operation, and maintenance technology of wind power and solar generation equipment and zero CO2 emission recyclable technology of wind power and solar generation equipment. The effective solution of these problems will enhance the adaptability of wind power and solar generation system in complex environment, promote the safe operation of the new energy generation system, reduce the dependence on fossil energy with high CO2 emission, and contribute to achieving the goal of "peak CO2 emissions and carbon neutrality".