论基本心理需要视域下课堂教学中“边缘人”的补偿策略

The Compensation Strategies of"Marginal Man"in Classroom Teaching from the Perspective of Basic Psychological Needs

研究课堂教学中的“边缘人”,关注他们的现实处境和需求,帮助他们融入课堂,是落实“以学生为本”教育理念的根本要求,也是实现教育公平必须关注的问题,更是提高全民族素质的题中应有之义。从基本心理需要视角来看,学生基本心理需要的缺失是课堂教学中“边缘人”存在的根本原因,补偿课堂教学中“边缘人”的基本心理需要是“去边缘化”的关键。教师转化课堂教学中的“边缘人”,丰富学生的积极情感体验,补偿其基本心理需要的策略主要包括:通过增强学生的归属感、存在感补偿课堂教学中“边缘人”的关联需要;通过增进学生的力量感、自信感补偿课堂教学中“边缘人”的胜任需要;通过增加学生的自主感、价值感补偿课堂教学中“边缘人”的自主需要。

Studying the"marginal man"in classroom teaching,focusing on their actual situation and needs,and helping them to integrate into the classroom is the fundamental requirement for the implementation of the"student-oriented"educational philosophy and it is also an issue that must be paid attention to achieve educational equity,even more it is a significant way to improve the quality of the whole nation.From the perspective of basic psychological needs,the lack of students’basic psychological needs is the fundamental reason for the existence of"marginal man"in classroom teaching.So,compensating the basic psychological needs of"marginal man"in classroom teaching is the key to"de-marginalization".Strategies for teachers to transform the"marginal man"in classroom teaching,enrich students’positive emotional experience,and compensate for their basic psychological needs mainly include compensating for the association need of"marginal man"in classroom teaching by enhancing students’sense of belonging and presence,compensating for the competence needs of"marginal man"in classroom teaching by enhancing students’sense of strength and confidence,and compensating for the autonomy needs of"marginal man"in classroom teaching by increasing students’sense of autonomy and value.