《民法典》时代的医疗损害鉴定与责任量化

Identification of Medical Damage and Quantification of Liability in the Era of“Civil Code”

《民法典》对侵权损害责任的规定基本沿用原《侵权责任法》,其中作为特殊领域的医疗损害侵权责任的认定困境并未随着这一法典化的进程而有所改变。医疗损害一般由多重因素导致,具有复合性的特点,如何甄别医疗行为与损害之间的因果关系,需要借助专业的医疗鉴定进行认定,以原因力规则作为医疗损害责任的确立途径具有必要性和可行性。鉴于我国医疗损害鉴定的现实困境,亟需梳理出有效可行的原因力规则适用路径,同时采用医疗损害鉴定责任量化的形式,以促进医疗鉴定的合法化和合规化。

The provisions of the“Civil Code”on the liability for tort damage basically follow the original“Law of Tort Liability”.The plight of the identification of tort liability for medical damage as a special field has not been improved with the process of codification.Medical damage is generally caused by multiple factors and has complex characteristics.How to identify the causal relationship between medical behavior and damage needs to be determined with the help of professional medical appraisal.It is necessary and feasible to take causal rules as the establishment of medical damage liability.In view of the real dilemma of medical damage identification in China,it is urgent to sort out effective and feasible paths for the application of causal rules.Meanwhile,it is suggested to adopt the form of quantification of liability for the identification of medical damage to promote the legalization and compliance of medical identification.