洱海水质评价及污染物来源分析

Water Quality Evaluation and Source Analysis of Pollutants of the Erhai Lake

洱海水质评价及污染物来源分析对洱海流域水污染防治具有重要意义。基于洱海12个监测点2014~2018年水质月监测数据,采用污染指数法分析并预测洱海污染状况,采用绝对主成分多元线性回归和相关性分析方法分析污染物来源及入湖途径。结果表明,洱海水环境质量现状整体合格,水体中主要污染物为有机污染物COD,无机污染物TN、TP含量偏高,存在爆发蓝藻水华的风险。污染物进入湖体主要有两个途径,其中降水产生地表径流携带畜禽养殖、农村生活和农田污染流入湖体,主要影响DO、NH_(3)-N、TP、COD、I_(Mn);大气干湿沉降则携带大气污染物进入湖体,主要影响TN、硫化物和电导率。

The evaluation of water quality and analysis of pollutant sources are of great significance to the prevention and control of water pollution in the Erhai Lake.Based on the monthly monitoring data of 12 monitoring points in the Erhai Lake during 5 years(2014-2018),the pollution index method was used to analyze and predict the pollution status of the Erhai Lake,and the APCSMLR and correlation analysis methods were used to analyze the source of pollutants and the way into the lake.The results show that the water quality of the Erhai Lake is up to standard.The main pollutants in water body are organic pollutants COD,and the TN and TP contents of inorganic pollutants are also high,so there is the risk of cyanobacteria bloom.There are two main ways for pollutants to flow into the lake.One way is that livestock and poultry breeding,rural life and farmland pollution are brought into the lake by surface runoff caused by precipitation,which mainly affect DO,NH_(3)-N,TP,COD and I_(Mn).Another way is that pollutants from the atmosphere are affected by the dry and wet deposition of the atmosphere,and TN,sulfide and conductivity are mainly affected.