开拓与尝试:人类学仪式研究范式转换中的《祈颂姑》

Exploration and Experimentation:Chisungu:A Girl′s Initiation Ceremony Among the Bemba of Northern Rhordesia in the Anthropological Ritual Research Paradigm

《祈颂姑》是英国人类学家奥德丽·伊莎贝尔·理查兹关于非洲本巴女孩成人礼仪式研究的民族志。虽然《祈颂姑》在理论上不是很成熟,具有“理论杂货铺”的风格,但却是一部在20世纪50年代仪式研究范式转换中承上启下的重要作品。一方面,作品充斥着传统功能主义关于平衡社会结构的观点,被视为老套的、功能主义式的民族志描述;另一方面,又表现出对动态性社会结构、过程、冲突、象征的关注,使其在20世纪80年代被重新“发现”,对后世人类学仪式研究产生了重要影响。

Chisungu:A Girl′s Initiation Ceremony Among the Bemba of Northern Rhordesia is a ethnographic ritual research by British anthropologist Audrey Isabel Richards.Though it is not theoretical mature with the style of“theoretical grocery store”,it is an important work connecting the preceding and the following researches of the ritual research paradigm in 1950s.On the one hand,the work is full of traditional functionalist views on balancing social structures,and is regarded as a stereotypical and functionalist ethnographic description.On the other hand,it also shows its attention to the dynamic social structure,process,conflict and symbol,which made it rediscovered in the 1980s and had an important influence on the later anthropological ritual research.