2012--2019年泰州市呼吸道感染性疾病综合监测结果分析

Analysis of comprehensive surveillance results of respiratory tract infectious diseases in Taizhou,2012-2019

目的了解泰州市流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)和严重急性呼吸道感染(severe acute respiratory infection,SARI)病例的流行病学特征,为科学制定防控策略提供依据。方法收集哨点医院ILI病例和SARI病例基本信息并采集咽拭子标本,用PCR法开展13种呼吸道病原体检测,用χ^(2)检验进行统计学分析。结果2012年4月―2019年12月ILI就诊百分比(ILI%)和SARI就诊百分比(SARI%)分别为7.27%和2.44%,具有秋冬季流行高峰。共检测956例ILI病例和557例SARI病例的标本,二者的病原阳性检出率分别为50.84%(486/956)、39.14%(218/557)。肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae,SP)、流感病毒(influenza virus,Flu)、流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae,HI)、人鼻病毒(Human rhinovirus,HRV)为优势病原体,其检出率分别为14.81%、9.25%、9.39%、7.73%。总混合感染率为30.11%(212/704),主要为SP合并其他病原体感染。低年龄组病原体检出阳性率高于高年龄组,0~<5岁儿童的检出率达34.83%(χ^(2)=54.47,P<0.001)。冠状病毒(human coronavirus,HCoV)的检出率为2.12%,以HCoV-OC43亚型为主(46.88%),各亚型季节分布不明显。结论泰州市哨点医院呼吸道综合监测发病呈秋冬季的流行高峰,主要病原体为SP、Flu、HI、HRV,15岁以下年龄组检出率较高,应针对重点人群采取综合性呼吸道疾病防控措施。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness(ILI)cases and severe acute respiratory infection(SARI)cases in Taizhou,so as to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control strategies.Methods The basic information of ILI and SARI cases and throat swab specimens were collected from the sentinel hospital and 13 respiratory pathogens were detected by RT-PCR method.χ^(2) test was used as statistical analysis method.Results From April 2012 to December 2019,with epidemic peaks in autumn and winter,the percentages of ILI visits(ILI%)and SARI visits(SARI%)were 7.27%and 2.44%,respectively.Finally,956 ILI case specimens and 557 SARI case specimens were detected.The positive detection rates of the two types of cases were 50.84%(486/956)and 39.14%(218/557),separately.Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP),influenza virus(Flu),Haemophilus influenzae(HI)and Human rhinovirus(HRV)were the dominant pathogens in Taizhou city from April 2012 to December 2019,and their detection rates were 14.81%,9.25%,9.39%and 7.73%,respectively.The total mixed infection rate was 30.11%(212/704),which was mainly caused by SP complicated with other pathogenic infections.The positive rate of pathogen detection in the low-age group was higher than that in the high-age group,and the detection rate of children under 5 years old was 34.83%(χ^(2)=54.47,P<0.001).The detection rate of human coronavirus(HCoV)was 2.12%,with HCoV-OC43 subtype mainly(46.88%),and each subtype has no obvious seasonal distribution characteristics.Conclusions The incidence of comprehensive respiratory tract surveillance in sentinel hospitals in Taizhou City showed that the peak of the epidemic was in autumn and winter,and SP,Flu,HI,and HRV were main pathogens in this area.In the age group under 15 years old,the detection rate was higher.Comprehensive respiratory disease prevention and control measures should be taken for key populations.