动机问卷与障碍问卷调查对于招募流失或(和)消极献血者效果的比较

Effects on the recruitment of inactive and lapsing blood donors,Questionnaire study based on motivators and deterrents

目的探讨问卷调查对重新招募流失或(和)献血者的效果,确保血站固定献血者队伍对血源的有效保障和供应。方法针对有多次献血经历的流失或(和)消极献血者制作《献血动机问卷》、《献血障碍问卷》2种问卷(分别询问"最近1次献血的动机",如"救治病人而献血"等;和"不再参加献血的原因",如"附近没有献血点"等),于2020年5月18~25日,以末次献血时间在2018年1月1日~2018年5月17日的献血次数≥3次的13093名广州地区献血者为对象,发送包含对应电子问卷链接的短信,随机干预1组(n=4364):发放并要求填写《献血动机问卷》;干预2组(n=4364):发放并要求填写《献血障碍问卷》;对照组(n=4365):不发放任一问卷。采用意向性治疗(ITT)和平均干预效应(ATT)方法,分析3组献血者在发放问卷后2个月内再次献血(率)的差异。结果有效问卷(填写)返回率5.422%(710/13093),其中干预组1为7.424%(324/4364),干预组2为8.845%(386/4364)。返回问卷显示,干预组1献血者表示最近1次献血的动机是"献血能拯救病人"的得分为最高(2.31±0.79),干预组2献血者表示不再参加献血的障碍以"附近没有献血点"的得分为最高(2.31±0.80)。观察2个月后,ITT分析:各组别之间的再次献血率相近(Ps>0.05);ATT估计:再次献血率干预组1、干预组2分别为5.56%(18/324)、3.11%(12/386)(P<0.05)。结论献血动机问卷对于促进多次献血者再次(继续)献血起到了1种简单便捷的提醒作用,有助于流失或(和)消极献血者回归。

Objective To explore the effect of questionnaires on the re-recruitment of lapsed blood donors,and to ensure the retention of regular blood donors for blood supply in blood stations.Methods Blood Donation Motivation Questionnaire and Blood Donation Deterrents Questionnaire were designed for inactive and lapsing blood donors to inquire the motivation of the latest blood donation,such as“blood donation can save lives”and the reasons for no longer participating in blood donation,such as“there are no blood donation sites nearby”,respectively.13093 blood donors with donation frequency≥3 times and last donation during January 1 to May 17,2018 in Guangzhou were selected as subjects.Text messages containing the links to the correspondent electronic questionnaires were sent to intervention group 1(n=4364)to fulfill the Blood Donation Motivation Questionnaire and intervention group 2(n=4364)to fulfill Blood Donation Deterrents Questionnaire from May 18 to 25,2020.None questionnaire was issued to the control group(n=4365).The re-donation rates in the three groups within 2 months after the questionnaire delivery were analyzed by intention to treat(ITT)analysis and average treatment effect(ATT)estimation.Results The response rate of valid questionnaires was 5.422%(710/13093),of which 7.424%(324/4364)were in intervention group 1 and 8.845%(386/4364)in intervention group 2.The collected questionnaire showed that the score of“blood donation can save lives”was the highest(2.31±0.79)in intervention group 1,and the score of“no blood donation site nearby”was the highest(2.31±0.80).in intervention group 2.2 months of observation showed that the re-donation rate was similar among all three groups by ITT analysis(Ps>0.05).ATT estimation results showed that the re-donation rates of intervention group 1 and intervention group 2 were 5.56%(18/324)and 3.11%(12/386),respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion Motivation questionnaire is a simple and convenient way to remind blood donors who have multiple donations to donate blood again.