献血相关血管迷走神经反应的研究进展

Research progresses in donation related vasovagal reaction

献血相关血管迷走神经反应是献血过程中最常见的不良反应。准确地识别、处理及预防血管迷走神经反应,对献血事业有着十分重要的意义。目前普遍观点认为,心理因素是迷走神经反应的第1大诱因;肌肉张力动作(AMT)和盐分的补充已被证明是对血管迷走神经反应有效的干预措施;状态-特质焦虑量表、医学恐惧调查表、献血者反应量表等高危人群识别的方法已比较成熟,但目前在国内的使用率相对较低。本文对血管迷走神经反应的主要临床表现、发生机制、研究方法、相关因素、处理及预防措施以及献血前高危人群的识别进行了综述。

Donation related vasovagal reaction(DRVR)is the most common adverse reaction during blood donation.It is very important for blood banks to identify,treat and prevent DRVR accurately.At present,it is generally believed that psychological factors are the first major inducement of DRVR.Applied muscle tension(AMT)and salt supplementation have been proved to be effective interventions for vasovagal response;the identification methods of high-risk groups such as State Trait Anxiety Inventory,Medical Fear Inventory and Blood Donor Response Scale have been relatively mature,but the utilization rate is relatively low in China.In this paper,the main clinical manifestations,pathogenesis,research methods,related factors,management and prevention measures of DRVR,as well as the identification of high-risk groups before blood donation are reviewed.