内蒙古城区托幼机构学龄前儿童非故意伤害流行特征研究

Epidemiological Characteristics of Unintentional Injuries among Preshool Children in Urban Nurseries School in Inner Mongolia

目的了解内蒙古自治区城市托幼机构儿童非故意伤害的流行特征,为辖区托幼机构儿童安全管理提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,调查2018年2307例3~6岁学龄前儿童非故意伤害的发生情况。结果共调查2307名儿童中,共有105名儿童发生非故意伤害,伤害发生率为4.55%,男童非故意伤害发生率明显高于女童(P<0.05)。非故意伤害的类型以跌落伤最常见,其次为烧烫伤。非故意伤害的各年龄段分布均有统计学差异(P<0.05),各种伤害类型均以3岁组儿童最多。非故意伤害的民族构成比以汉族最高,少数民族中以蒙古族最高。非故意伤害发生地点以家中最常见,其次为游乐场和公共场所(χ^(2)=6.944、2.031、1.582,P<0.05),伤害发生的活动以玩耍最多见(χ^(2)=10.173,P<0.05)。非故意伤害的季节以夏季居多(P<0.05),其次为秋季和春季。结论3岁组儿童是内蒙古城市托幼机构儿童伤害防控的重点对象,伤害的高发季节是夏、秋季;儿童在家、游乐场和公共场所玩耍时,要着重预防跌落伤、烧烫伤的发生。

Objective To identify epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injuries among children in urban nursery schools in Inner Mongolia. And to provide reference for the safety management of children in the area of nursery institutions. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate the incidence of accidental injuries among 2,307 children aged 3-6 years in 2018. Results A total of 105 children had unintentional injuries, the injury rate is 4.55%,boys were significantly more than girls(P<0.05). Fall injuries are the most common type, followed by burns and scalds. The distribution of unintentional injury there was significant difference among all age groups(P<0.05). Regardless of the types of injuries, the number of children in the 3.0-3.9 age group was the most. The Han nationality has the highest distribution of unintentional injuries, and among the ethnic minorities, the Mongolian nationality has the largest numbe. The most common location for unintentional injuries was home, followed by playgrounds and public places. Play was the most common place for unintentional injuries. Summer was the season with the highest incidence of children’s unintentional injuries, followed by autumn and spring. The lower the education level of the parents, the higher the incidence of unintentional injury of their children. The incidence was highest in elementary school and below, and the incidence was lowest in graduate students or above. The occupation of parents was the highest incidence of unintentional injury in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and the lowest incidence of professional and technical personnel in administrative and enterprises. Conclusions The three-year-old group is a key object of prevention and control in urban nursery schools in Inner Mongolia. The the high incidence seasons are summer and autumn, and have a certain relationship with the educational level and occupation of their parents. When children play in homes, playgrounds and public places, caregivers should focus on preventing falls, burns,traffic accidents, and animal injuries. Improving the family’s educational level and economic status will help reduce the occurrence of unintentional injuries to children.