基于SOAM方法的武汉疫情期间空气质量评价研究

Study on Air Quality Evaluation During Epidemic Period inWuhan Based on SOAM Method

本文以武汉市的COVID-19疫情主要发生期为案例,研究在疫情影响下,经济处于一种基本停滞或下滑的特殊状况下空气质量如何变化。根据相关网站提供的空气质量日报数据,对该市主要疫情期的2020年1-4月和正常年份的2019年同期,按本文提出的SOAM(Space Optimal Aggregation Model)方法进行了各月的综合评价。结果表明,2020年空气质量呈现出逐步向好的趋势,且2020年1-4月份空气质量皆优于上一年的2019年同期。这说明武汉市受疫情影响被迫采取的停工、停产和封城措施而导致的经济停滞或下滑现实,在客观上使得该市的空气质量在一定程度上得到了好转。此外,还应用本文提出的经济影响度模型对各主要空气污染物进行了经济影响度的计算。结果表明,经济因素对主要空气污染物PM_(2.5)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)各自的影响程度分别为19%、12%和49%。这说明在经济因素的作用下,各空气污染物都会受到不同程度的影响。而在排除经济因素影响外,其他非经济因素,如城市的地理位置、气候等自然因素以及其他省份和地区的输入性污染等也会对一个城市的空气质量产生一定的影响。因此,在适度经济发展的情况下,促进各地区产业结构的转型、改进北方冬季燃煤取暖的传统方式,全国各地区的联防联控以及环境生态建设才是解决空气污染的有效途径。

A novel economic impact model is proposed by this paper to analyze the impact of economic downturn on the air quality in Wuhan during the epidemic period,and to explore the effective solutions to improve the urban air pollution.The Space Optimal Aggregation Model(SOAM)is used to evaluate the air quality of Wuhan from January to April in 2019 and 2020.The analysis results show that the air quality of Wuhan from January to April 2020 is better than that of the same period in 2019,and it shows a gradually better trend.This shows that although the measures of household isolation,shutdown and production stoppage adopted during the epidemic period in Wuhan caused economic downturn,it objectively improved the air quality of the city.In addition,the economic impact degree of the main air pollutants are calculated by the SOAM.The results showed that the economic factors affected the main air pollutants PM_(2.5),SO_(2)and NO_(2)by 19%,12%and 49%respectively.This shows that under the influence of economic factors,all air pollutants will be affected to varying degrees.In addition to economic factors,other noneconomic factor will also have a certain impact on the air quality of a city.Therefore,under the condition of moderate economic development,the effective way to solve urban air pollution is to promote the transformation of industrial structure in various regions,improve the traditional way of coal-fired heating in winter in northern China,and the joint prevention and control of all regions in the country and the construction of environmental ecology.