中华人民共和国成立以来残障学生学校体育政策:阶段特点、主要问题与优化路径

The School Sports Policy for Disabled Students since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China:Stage Characteristics,Main Problems and Optimization Paths

通过梳理中华人民共和国成立以来残障学生学校体育政策的更迭脉络,归纳我国残障学生学校体育政策特点及存在问题,发现残障学生学校体育政策演变历史不仅契合了我国各个阶段的社会发展需求,还反映了各个阶段残障学生接受体育教育的真实写照,形成了百废待兴中孕育发展(1949—1959年)、残障学生体质健康与体育保健课程紧密结合(1978—1984年)、残障学生学校体育方针与国家法律政策相契合(1995—2007年)、残障学生学校体育发展与体育强国梦融合(2008年至今)的政策特点。我国残障学生学校体育政策存在政策目标不明确、内容分布失衡与政策评估机制不完善的主要问题。应以残障学生发展实际明晰政策目标,创建联动执行机制;全配套的政策法规,优化残障学生学校体育政策内容布局;完善监督与评估机制,确保政策执行落地生根。

The article summarizes the characteristics and existing problems of the school sports policy for disabled students in China through sorting out the variation of the school sports policy for disabled students in the past 70 years.The research believes that the historical evolution of school sports policies for students with disabilities not only meets the needs of social development in all stages,but also reflects the true portrayal of students with disabilities receiving physical education at all stages.The political characteristics include:The thriving and nurturing development during the process of reform(1949-1959),the full integration between physical health of disabled students and physical health care courses(1978-1984),the consistent of school sports policy for disabled students with national laws and policies(1995-2007),the policy characteristics of the integration of the sports development of special education school and the dream of sports power(2008-present).The main problems in the physical education policy of schools for disabled students include unclear policy objectives,imbalanced content distribution,and imperfect policy evaluation mechanism.Therefore,the study suggests:Clarify policy objectives based on the development of disabled students,and create a joint implementation mechanism;complete supporting policies and regulations,and optimize the content layout of school sports policy for disabled students;improve the supervision and evaluation mechanism to ensure the implementation of the policy.