数字体育时代赛事组织者数据权益的保护

Protection of Data Rights of Sports Event Organizers in the Era of Digital Sports

数字体育时代,赛事数据的商业价值日益凸显。综合运用文献资料调研、比较研究等方法,分析赛事组织者数据权益保护所面临的路径之困,并提出保护对策。赛事组织者花费大量的劳动形成和呈现赛事数据,对赛事组织者数据权益应当进行合理的保护。但是既有法律框架下的合同法保护、知识产权法保护、反不正当竞争法保护都与赛事组织者数据权益保护存在某种间距性,难以提供有效的法律支持。创设“赛事组织者数据专有权”方案具有一定的实效性,但赛事数据之上覆盖的公共性和个体权利,使得对赛事组织者数据不宜采取绝对化和排他性的财产权设置,而是应该创设有限排他性的“准财产权”,一方面使赛事组织者得以对抗特定类别主体和行为,另一方面实现赛事组织者数据权益保护与数据自由、运动员数据权利的协调。于我国而言,依循本次体育法修改的市场导向,可借修法契机,引入赛事组织者数据准财产权条款,并由此妥善地安排相关利益,不失为一种可行的方案。

In the era of digital sports,the commercial value of event data is becoming more and more prominent.Using a combination of literature and comparative studies,the paper analyzes the difficulties that event organizers are facing on data rights protection and proposes appropriate protection strategies.Event organizers pay significant effort to form and present event data,and the data rights of event organizers should be fairly protected.However,the protection of contract law,intellectual property law and anti-unfair competition law under the existing legal framework are somehow different from the protection of data rights of event organizers,and it is difficult to provide effective legal support.Moreover,the public nature and individual rights of event data make it inappropriate to set up absolute and exclusive property rights for event organizers’data,but rather to create limited exclusive“quasi-property rights”.On one hand,it enables event organizers to fight against specific types of subjects and behaviors,on the other hand,it realizes the coordination between the protection of data rights of event organizers and the rights of individual data such as data freedom and athletes’data rights.In China,following the market orientation of the current revision of the sports law,we can take the opportunity of the revision to introduce a“quasi-property right”clause for event organizers’data,and thus properly arrange the related interests,which might be a feasible solution.