中药汤剂煎煮加水量与得液量控制方法研究

Study on the Control Method of Water Addition and Liquid Yield of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction

目的优化中药汤剂加水量公式,优选一煎、二煎加水比例,探索汤剂煎煮加水量与得液量精准控制方法。方法以多功能养生壶为煎药容器,测定其在不同条件下的水蒸气蒸发系数;以当归四逆汤(DSD)、小青龙汤(XD)、补中益气汤(BYD)3个复方汤剂为研究载体,根据加水量公式确定总加水量,每个复方分别按一煎、二煎加水比例60:40,70:30,80:20加水煎煮,测定复方汤剂煎煮吸水量及一煎、二煎汤液得液量、相对密度和出膏率;根据复方汤剂煎煮吸水量与理论吸水量差异,分别对饮片吸水率、预期得液量和相对密度校正处理;以饮片吸水率校正系数为参数,优化加水量公式;以得液量偏离度、校正相对密度和出膏率为指标,优选一煎、二煎加水比例。结果不同条件下多功能养生壶水蒸气蒸发系数无明显差异,为3.9 mL·min^(-1);多功能养生壶煎煮时,复方汤剂煎煮吸水量为理论吸水量的0.67倍,以0.67为饮片吸水率校正系数;加水量公式优化为:加水量=理论吸水量×饮片吸水率校正系数+预期得液量+水蒸气蒸发量+煎药机损耗量;相比70:30和80:20的一煎、二煎加水比例,以60:40分配时,得液量平均偏离度最小(3.78%),药液平均校正相对密度(1.0273)和平均出膏率(19.81%)最高。结论该研究优化加水量公式及优选一煎、二煎加水比例,能够实现中药汤剂煎煮加水量与得液量科学、精准控制,且能保证汤液成分较高的煎出率,可为加水量公式应用于不同煎药设备和煎煮方法时的校正和优化处理提供参考。

Objective To optimize the formula of the adding water's volume in decocting traditional Chinese medicine,and to select the best ratio of the water in the first decocting process and the second decocting process in order to achieve precise control of the water addition and liquid yield.Methods A multifunctional health-preserving pot was used as a decoction container to determine its evaporation coefficient of water vapor under different decocting conditions.Danggui Sini Decoction(DSD),Xiaoqinglong Decoction(XD)and Buzhong yiqi Decoction(BYD)were used as research subjects,and the total volume of decocting water was determined according to the water-adding formula.The three prescriptions were decocted at the water-adding ratio of first decoction comparing to the second decoction equals to 60:40,70:30 and 80:20,respectively.The compound decoctions'water absorption,the volume of obtained herbal liquid after the first decocting process and the second decocting process,relative density,and paste-forming rate were detected.According to the discrepancy between the practical water absorption and the theoretical water absorption of the decocting herbs,we corrected the water absorption rate,the volume of expected obtained herbal liquid,and the relative density of the decoction,respectively.The correction coefficient of the herbal pieces'water absorption rate was set as a parameter to optimize the water-adding formula.Took the deviation of the obtained herbal liquid volume,the corrected relative density and the paste-forming rate as the indicators to select the best ratio of water'volume that was added in the first decocting process and the second decocting process.Results The water vapor evaporation coefficient of the multifunctional health-preserving pot has no significant discrepancy under different decocting conditions,and the coefficient was 3.9 mL·min^(-1).When using the multifunctional health-preserving pot to decoct Chinese herbal pieces,the practical water absorption was 0.67 times to the theoretical water absorption,and 0.67 was determined as the correction coefficient of water absorption rate of Chinese herbal pieces.The water-adding formula was optimized as:water addition=theoretical water absorption×correction coefficient of Chinese herbal pieces'water absorption+expected obtained herbal liquid volume+the evaporation of water vapor+the consumption of decoction machine.Compared with the water-adding ratio of 70:30 and 80:20 of the first decoction to the second decoction,the ratio of 60:40 can make the average deviation of the amount of obtained liquid smallest,which was 3.78%,and the average corrected relative density and the average paste-forming rate highest,which was 1.0273 and 19.81%respectively.Conclusion This study optimized the water-adding formula and selected the best ratio of the volume of water added in the first decocting process and the second decocting process,which can achieve the scientific and precise control of the water addition and liquid yield,guaranteed the higher extraction ratio of the compound decoctions and provided references for the correction and optimization when the water-adding formula is used in different decocting machines and different decocting methods.