谁更能从农机服务中获益——基于小麦产出率的分析

Who Can Benefit More from Agricultural Mechanization Services?——Evidence from Wheat Productivity

本文利用2017年河南省6县3179户小麦种植户样本,实证分析了农机服务对不同规模农户的农地产出率的影响。结果显示,中等规模农户的农地产出率较小农户和大农户更能从农机服务中得到改善。其原因在于,小农户更可能增加劳动投入,大农户倾向于自置机械以替代农机服务。进一步证据表明,中等规模农户的农机服务使用率更高,且农机服务与农地产出率存在正相关关系。本文研究表明,发展面向小农户的农业社会化服务并未得到他们的积极响应。随着农业主体经营规模的进一步扩大,纵向一体化可能成为未来农业经营的重要组织方式。从政策层面来说,发展农业适度规模经营与农机服务市场具有协调一致、相互推进的作用。

Using data covering 3179 wheat farmers surveyed in five counties of Henan province, this paper empirically investigates the impact of agricultural mechanization services on the land productivity of different-sized farms. The results show that medium farms can benefit more from adopting agricultural mechanization services than small and large farms. The reason for this is that small farms are more likely to input agricultural labor and large farms tend to invest in self-owned machinery, which reduces the demand for agricultural mechanization services. The further evidence indicates that medium farms have a higher adoption rate of agricultural mechanization services, and there exists a positive relationship between the adoption of agricultural mechanization services and land productivity. This paper implies that small farms do not respond positively to the services developed for them. With the increase in the sizes of new agricultural operators, vertical integration may be the main mode of agricultural management in the future. The paper suggests that the development of moderate scale operation and the market for agricultural mechanization services has functions of coordination and mutual promotion.