子女随迁对农村家庭基础教育支出的影响研究——基于2019年千村调查数据的实证分析

How Does Rural Children’s Migration Affect Household Expenditure on Supplementary Education——Based on the “Thousand Village Investigation” in 2019

本文利用上海财经大学2019年"千村调查"数据,分析了在义务教育及高中教育阶段,子女随迁对农村家庭教育支出的影响及作用机制,运用工具变量估计、倾向得分匹配法以处理子女随迁可能存在的内生性问题及样本自选择问题。研究结果表明,在控制了地区、家庭特征、父母特征及子女个体特征后,子女随迁使得农村家庭对该子女的教育总支出增加了50.50%,教育负担率提高了5.82%。其中,校内教育支出负担率增加了1.54%、校外教育支出负担率增加1.20%,学校生活费负担率增加1.48%,择校或借读费负担率增加1.59%。在影响机制方面,城镇地区更高的生活成本和教育成本以及异地就学政策的限制,造成了校内教育支出、择校或借读费支出的被动增加。同时,子女随迁一定程度提高了父母的教育期望,进而促进了对子女校外教育支出的增加。

Based on the "Thousand Village Investigation" of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics in 2019, this paper analyzes the impact and mechanism of rural children’s migration on their education expenditure in the stage of compulsory education and high school education, and uses the IV estimation and PSM to solve problems from possible endogenous and self-selection of samples. The results show that: After controlling for region, family characteristics, parental characteristics, and individual child characteristics, the rural children’s migration has increased their total education expenditure by 50.50%, and has increased the burden-rate of education expenditure by 5.82%. Meanwhile, it has also increased the burden-rate of school education expenditure by 1.54%, the burden-rate of tutoring expenditure by 1.20%, the burden-rate of living expenditure in school by 1.48%, and the burden-rate of expenditure for choosing schools by 1.59%. In terms of mechanism, the higher cost of living in urban areas and the restrictions of education policies have caused the increase of expenditure on school education and choosing schools. At the same time, rural children’s migration can raise their parents’ education aspiration, which inspires parents to increase tutoring expenditure for their children.