僵蚕的适宜采收时间及养护关键技术研究

Study on Suitable Harvesting Time and Key Maintenance Technology of Bombyx Batryticatus

目的:对比不同采收时间和养护条件对僵蚕产量、性状及质量的影响。方法:采用单因素试验,设置6个采收时间、3个风干处理、5个养护密度和6个养护时间,以鲜僵蚕性状、产量、药材质量为评价指标,优选僵蚕采收时间和养护条件。结果:在僵死80%后的24~48 h内采收,僵蚕鲜产量均较高且无显著差异,丝腺环得率、白僵菌素含量均在僵死80%后的48 h达最大值。风干处理6 h后空心率显著降低,丝腺环得率、白僵菌素含量显著增加。随着养护密度的增加,鲜产量和养护成本均显著降低,白僵菌素含量先升高后降低;其中,养护密度为3000头/m^(2)和4000头/m^(2)时,鲜产量、4个丝腺环得率以及白僵菌素含量均较高且养护成本较低。随着养护时间增加,鲜产量先增加后降低,养护48 h所得药材的4个丝腺环得率最大,养护60 h所得药材的白僵菌素含量最高。结论:不同采收时间和养护条件对僵蚕药材外观性状、质量和产量均有明显影响。僵蚕的采收时间以僵死80%后的24~48 h为佳,采收后应及时风干处理至少6 h,养护密度3000~4000头/m^(2),养护时间以48~60 h为优。

Objective:To compare the effects of different harvesting time and curing conditions on the yield,characters and quality of Bombyx Batryticatus.Methods:Single factor experiment was used to set 6 harvesting times,3 airing treatments,5 curing densities and 6 curing times.The appearance,yield and quality of Bombyx Batryticatus were used as evaluation indexes to optimize the best harvest time and curing condition of Bombyx Batryticatus.Results:The fresh yield of Bombyx Batryticatus was higher and there was no signifi⁃cant difference in the fresh yield of Bombyx Batryticatus harvested within 24 to 48 hours after 80%death,the silk gland yield and beau⁃vericin content reached the maximum at 48 hours after 80%death.After 6 hours of airing treatment,the hollow rate decreased signifi⁃cantly,the yield of silk gland and the content of beauvericin increased significantly.With the increase of curing density,the fresh yield and curing cost decreased significantly,and the content of beauvericin first increased and then decreased;Among them,when the curing density was 3000/m^(2)and 4000/m^(2),the fresh yield,four silk glands yields and the content of beauvericin were higher and the curing cost was lower.With the increase of curing times,the fresh yield first increased and then decreased,the yield of four silk glands of Bom⁃byx Batryticatus cured for 48 hours was the highest,and the content of beauvericin was the highest after curing for 60 hours.Conclusion:Different harvesting time and curing conditions have significant effects on the appearance,quality and yield of Bombyx Batryticatus.The optimum harvest time of Bombyx Batryticatus is 24 to 48 hours after 80%death.After harvest,it shall be timely airing treatment for at least 6 hours,with a curing density of 3000~4000/m^(2)and curing times of 48 to 60 hours as the best.