论以危险方法危害公共安全罪适用标准

On the applicable criterions of the crime of endangering public security with dangerous means

以危险方法危害公共安全罪是具体危险犯罪,在适用上需具备危害公共安全性、现实危险性和危险相当性等三个特性,且三个特性相互之间呈递进关系。首先,危险方法需危害公共安全且公共安全,仅包括不特定人或者多数人的人身安全,而不包括单纯的财产损失。其次,危害方法须具有现实危险性:行为存在危害公共安全的现实可能性;危害公共安全的现实危险存在即可,不要求转化成现实危害结果;现实危险一旦转化成危害结果,所造成的损害是行为人无法预测和把控的。最后,危险方法的危害程度需要与放火、爆炸、决水和投放危险物质等行为具有相当性:达到致人重伤、死亡的可能;危害行为的发生具有迅速扩散性;危害结果造成损害的范围具有随意扩散性。

The crime of endangering public security is a concrete dangerous crime.When it applies to crime,it shall consist of the character of endangering the public,the character of real danger and the character of considerable danger,and furthermore,the above-mentioned characters are progressive in logic.Firstly,the dangerous means have endangered public security,which consists of the life safety of non-specific or majority people except the damage of property alone.Secondly,the dangerous means have real danger:The behaviors have the possibility of endangering public security;There is no need for the real danger of endangering public security to turn into results,as long as it exists;The damage caused by the doer cannot be predicted and controlled once the danger is transferred into hazardous results.Finally,the degree of dangerous means shall be comparative to actions like setting fire,explosion,watering,and delivery of hazardous substances.To be specific,the harmful result shall bear the possibilities to kill people or make serious injury.The occurrence of hazardous behavior has the characteristics of rapid spread.The scope of damage caused by the harm result has random spread.