3D打印的安全风险及政府规制的重构

Security risks of 3D printing risk and reconstruction of government regulation

对于3D打印的安全风险,现有的单一封闭的政府规制体系存在成本高昂、效果不佳、手段落后等问题。通过分析政府规制变革背后的逻辑及其利益本质,从整体上对规制行为进行调整和优化,融合政府规制与自我规制,建立最有效率的规制方式,以达到最佳规制。应当构建3D打印安全政府规制的多元化模式,尊重多元主体的利益,将基于市场的规制工具与"命令-控制"型规制工具组合运用,并把回应性规制理论引入规制机制设计,形成"金字塔"结构;还需要引入自我规制,与知识产权保护制度相协调,授予3D打印网络平台规制权、私人安全标准、私人安全认证等。建立3D打印安全政府规制对于应对其他新型技术风险、建立多元协同的社会治理格局,也具有导向作用。

In consideration of the security risks of 3 D printing,the existing single closed government regulation system has some problems,such as high cost,poor effect and backward technique.By analyzing the logic behind the reform of government regulation and the nature of its interests,we can realize the best regulation,by adjusting and optimizing the regulation behavior as a whole,integrating government regulation with self-regulation and setting up the most efficient regulation mode.We should build a diversified model for government regulation of the security of 3 D printing,respect the interests of multiple subjects,associate market-based regulation tools with"command-and-control"regulation tools,and bring responsive regulation theory into the design of regulation mechanism to form a"pyramid"structure.We also need to introduce self-regulation,harmonize with the intellectual property protection system,and grant regulation right,private security standards and private security certification,etc.for 3 D printing network platforms.The government regulation on the security of 3 D printing is of great significance for dealing with other new technology risks and building a diversified and coordinated social governance pattern.