1961-2018年柴达木盆地大风日数变化特征

Change Characteristics of Gale Days in Qaidam Basin from 1961 to 2018

为了更好地剖析柴达木盆地大风日数的演变特征,利用柴达木盆地9个气象观测站1961—2018年大风日数资料,采用线性倾向估计、M-K突变法对大风日数的年际变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:柴达木盆地1961—2018年平均大风日数呈显著减少趋势;大风日数年际间差异较大,最多年与最少年之差为53.0 d;大风日数的年代际变化在20世纪60—70年代呈增加趋势,20世纪70年代至21世纪10年代呈减少趋势;四季大风日数均呈现出减少趋势,减幅依次是春季>夏季>冬季>秋季;月平均大风日数变化呈单峰型,1—4月逐月呈增加趋势,5—12月呈减小趋势,4月是一年中大风日数多的月份,处于波峰位置。年和春季大风日数在20世纪80年代左右开始呈下降趋势,春季大风日数发生了突变,年大风日数未发生突变。

In order to better analyze the change characteristics of gale days in Qaidam Basin,we used the gale days data of nine meteorological stations in Qaidam Basin from 1961 to 2018 to analyze the interannual tendency of gale days by using linear trend estimation and M-K abrupt change method.The results showed that the average number of gale days in Qaidam Basin had a significant decreasing trend from 1961 to 2018.The difference of the number of gale days was great among years,and the difference between the maximum and minimum gale days was 53.0 d.The decadal change of gale days showed an increasing trend from 1960s to 1970s,and a decreasing trend from 1970s to 2010s.The number of gale days in all four seasons showed a decreasing trend in the order of spring>summer>winter>autumn.The monthly change of the average gale days showed a single peak pattern,and increased from January to April,while decreased from May to December.In a year,the maximum monthly gale days appeared in April,which was at the peak position.The annual and spring gale days began to decrease in the 1980s,and there was an abrupt change in spring gale days but there was not in annual gale days.