美援时期美国对台湾地区的“公共外交”

American Public Diplomacy towards Taiwan during the Period of American Aid

由于台湾地区在美国外交战略中的特殊地位,美国将其视为实施“公共外交”的重要区域。美援时期正是美国对台大力开展“公共外交”的时期,它主要是通过驻台“美国新闻处”来开展的,其活动大致可以分为三类:一是侧重于对美国政策的宣传活动,通常称为“信息活动”;二是对台输入与宣扬美国文化;三是在美国国务院指导下、由驻台“美国新闻处”执行的对台教育、学术、文化交流等活动。此外,这一时期美国对台的教育、文化及卫生援助也具有“公共外交”的功能。美援时期美国政府实施对台“公共外交”出于三个方面的考虑:一是服务于美国的反共遏制战略,二是通过宣扬美国的文化与价值观达到影响及控制台湾的目的,三是服务于美国国家利益。美国对台“公共外交”对台湾社会及其发展进程主要产生三个方面的影响:一是致使台湾民众普遍亲美反共,二是促进美国文化在台湾的传播与渗透,三是导致台湾社会日益“西化”或“美国化”。针对美国实施对台“公共外交”及其产生的负面影响,我们除了深刻揭示美国对台“公共外交”的本质之外,还应采取更精准的反制措施,如深化两岸民间交流互动、推进两岸深度融合发展等,以赢得台湾民心,为早日实现祖国完全统一奠定坚实的心理基础。

Due to the special status of Taiwan in the U.S. diplomatic strategy, the United States regards it as an important area for the implementation of its public diplomacy. The period of American aid period is the exact period when the U.S. vigorously pursues its public diplomacy with Taiwan, which is mainly conducted through the "American Information Office" in Taiwan, whose activities can be broadly divided into three categories: the publicity activities focusing on American policy, commonly referred to as "information activities", the import and promotion of American culture to Taiwan, and the educational, academic and cultural exchange activities with Taiwan conducted by the "American Information Office" in Taiwan under the guidance of the US State Department. In addition, the American aid to Taiwan in education, culture and health during this period also has the function of public diplomacy. In fact, the U.S. government’s public diplomacy to Taiwan comes out of three considerations: to serve the U.S. anti-communist containment strategy, to achieve the purpose of influencing and controlling Taiwan by publicizing American culture and values, and to serve the national interests of the United States. On the other hand, the American public diplomacy towards Taiwan has made a great impact on Taiwan society and its development process in three aspects: it generally makes pepole in Taiwan pro-American and anti-communist, promotes the dissemination and penetration of American culture in Taiwan, and leads Taiwan society increasingly to "Westernization" or "Americanization". In view of its negative impact, we should not only deeply reveal its essence, but also take more precise counter-measures, such as deepening the cross-Strait non-governmental exchanges and interaction, and promoting the development of the cross-Strait deep integration, so as to win the hearts and interests of pepole in Taiwan more effectively and lay a solid psychological foundation for the early realization of the complete reunification of the motherland.