基于视知觉金字塔模型的专题地图视觉层次设计

Visual Hierarchy Design of Thematic Maps by Visual Perception Pyramid Model

专题地图往往需要表达制图专题的空间分布特征、数量特征、时间变化特征等多层次的内容,故清晰的视觉层次对专题地图的信息表达至关重要。将视知觉金字塔模型和视觉选择性原理与专题地图的内容层次和图面表达视觉层次进行耦合,建立了"内容层次设计-视觉注意-视觉变量设计"的理论框架。在此基础上,以《深圳市历史风貌区和历史建筑》专题地图为实践案例,对内容、版式、符号、图表的视觉层次进行设计,总结构建专题地图视觉层次的设计理念和方法,以期为其他专题地图的视觉层次设计提供参考。

Thematic maps always need to express multi-level contents of mapping theme such as spatial distribution characteristics,quantity characteristics,temporal change characteristics,etc. Therefore,a clear visual hierarchy is essential to the information expression of thematic maps. The visual perception pyramid model and the principle of visual selectivity are coupled with the content hierarchy of thematic maps and the visual hierarchy of graphic expression, and the theoretical framework of"content hierarchy design-visual attention-visual variable design"is established. On this basis,we take the thematic map of Historical Districts and Historical Buildings in Shenzhen as a practical case to design the visual hierarchy of content,layout,symbols and charts. And the design concepts and methods for constructing visual hierarchy of thematic maps are summarized to provide reference for visual hierarchy design of other thematic maps.