德国跨文化教育构建族裔共同体的路径及启示

The Path and Enlightenment of the Construction of National Community by Intercultural Education in Germany

德国在面对少数族裔群体所引发的内外部社会问题时,主要通过跨文化教育增强少数族裔个体的德语运用、知识学习、职业技术、文化融合等四项核心能力。其中,构建德语学习网络的主要基础和功能在于家长协同配合、幼儿习惯养成、学习阶段衔接等;对知识学习能力的提升则通过打造内容多元、管理全面且有体系化保障的学科融合课程来实现;跨文化职业教育技能依赖政府保障职业教育权利、工会和行会组织提升政企动力、企业确保培训和就业岗位数额等进行培养;主流文化氛围的创建与融入主要依靠政府组建的跨部门工作组进行顶层设计、相关机构在基金会支持下设立文化项目、学校营造文化环境和语言浸入情境等。通过以上措施,最终满足德国少数族裔对于日常交流、知识获取、物质收获和精神共生等四项社会属性的需求,从而实现族裔共同体结构的完善和优化。对德国在族裔共同体建设中的经验进行分析和借鉴,有助于我国更有效地铸牢中华民族共同体意识。

When facing social problems caused by ethnic minorities,Germany mainly strengthens their core competencies such as the usage of language,knowledge learning,vocational skills and cultural integration for ethnic minorities through intercultural education.The construction of the German learning network includes parents’cooperation,children’s habit,and schools’connection.The implementation of intercultural courses emphasizes diversified content,comprehensive management and guaranteed systems.The improvement of intercultural vocational education skills achieved through the government’s protection of vocational education rights,the promotion of enterprises’enthusiasm,and the assurance of training opportunities.The creation of the mainstream culture requires the government to run an inter-departmental working group,create cultural projects supported by foundations,and promote cultural experience and language immersion at school.In this way,the needs of the German ethnic minorities for the daily communication,knowledge acquisition,material acquisition and spiritual symbiosis can be finally satisfied.Thereby the improvement and optimization of the ethnic community structure could be realized.The analysis and reference on it will help to solidify the Consciousness of the Chinese National Community.