农药制造企业的挥发性有机物排放特征及控制研究

Study on emission characteristics and control of volatile organic compounds in a pesticide manufacturing enterprise

以某农药制造企业为研究对象,通过苏玛罐采样和气相色谱—质谱/氢火焰离子检测器分析挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征并估算排放因子。结合测量结果、工艺流程和废气治理工艺等提出全过程控制措施,并建立3种排放控制情景分析减排潜力。结果表明:(1)废气治理设施排放口的VOCs为46.20 mg/m^(3),远高于仓库(6.31 mg/m^(3))和生产车间(4.59 mg/m^(3))的无组织排放。(2)该农药制造企业主要排放的VOCs物种为卤代烃,其次为含氧挥发性有机物和芳香烃,主要VOCs组分为二氯甲烷、氯乙烷、乙酸甲酯、三氯氟甲烷和甲醇,说明VOCs来源主要是卤代烃原辅料的大量使用。(3)该企业VOCs排放因子为86.43 kg/t。VOCs排放的关键环节是工艺有组织排放,提高废气治理工艺的去除效率是减排VOCs的有效途径。(4)该企业基础、一般、严格控制措施能被完全执行,则减排效率分别可达到49.1%、61.1%、85.2%。

Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were measured using SUMMA canisters sampling followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/fame ionization detector analysis and emission factors were estimated in a pesticide manufacturing enterprise.The whole-process control measures were proposed by taking the measuring results,process flow,the exhaust gas treatment process,etc.into account and the emission reduction potentials were analyzed by establishing three emission control scenarios.The results showed that:(1)VOCs in the outlet of exhaust gas control devices was 46.20 mg/m^(3),which was much higher than the fugitive emissions from warehouse(6.31 mg/m^(3))and production workshop(4.59 mg/m^(3)).(2)Halocarbons,followed by oxygenated VOCs and aromatics were the main VOCs compounds in the pesticide manufacturing enterprise,while dichloromethane,ethyl chloride,methyl acetate,trichlorofluoromethane and methanol were the main VOCs species,indicating that the extensive use of halocarbon-containing raw and auxiliary materials was an important VOCs source.(3)The VOCs emission factor of the enterprise was 86.43 kg/t.Since the key VOCs emission unit was stationary,improving the removal efficiency of exhaust gas treatment processes was an effective measure to reduce VOCs emission.(4)If basic,general,stringent control measures were fully implemented in the enterprise,VOCs emissions would be reduced by 49.1%,61.1%,85.2%.