行为公共政策研究的知识构建:三个层面及范式选择

The Knowledge Structure of Behavioral Public Policy:Three Perspectives and Its Paradigm

行为公共政策研究已成为学术潮流,但其相关概念、学科/知识框架、研究范式尚待厘清。本文以学科构建视野讨论了四方面问题:行为科学、公共政策核心概念所蕴含的学科特性;行为公共政策的知识框架所包括的三个层次——政策制定的行为依据、政策执行的行为机制、政策效果的行为效应,其中,政策行为效应是尚待开拓的新领域;行为公共政策研究存在着的行为科学和公共管理研究范式,后者更符合公共管理的真实状态,制度—心理互动是行为公共政策研究的理论框架;目前颇为热络的"助推"研究不应是行为公共政策的主体,原因在于政策行为因政策制度性和文化共享性而具有强制性与统一性,而非简单的个体自主性"巧劲"。

Behavioral public policy research has become an academic trend,but its related concepts,discipline/knowledge framework,and research paradigm have yet to be focused on or clarified.In this article,four aspects of the issue are discussed from a discipline perspective.Firstly,disciplinary development of behavioral sciences and public policy science are explained,with the core concepts in each field revealing its disciplinary characteristics.Secondly,a three-level epistemic framework of behavioral public policy research is proposed:the behavioral basis of policy formulation,the behavioral mechanism of policy implementation,and the behavioral effects of policy outcomes,among which,the behavioral effects of policy are a new field yet to be explored.Thirdly,though paradigms from both behavioral sciences and public administration apply to behavioral public policy studies,the latter is more in line with the real-world public administration,and the institutional-psychological interaction serves as the theoretical framework for behavioral public policy research.Finally,the current upsurge in research on“nudge”should not be considered as the main concern of behavioral public policy,since that public policy is institutional and is based on culturally shared values,not the individual free action.