公众参与行政决策的法律机制:成效、困境、改进——基于《法治社会建设实施纲要(2020-2025年)》的思考

Legal Mechanism of Public Participation in Administrative Decision-Making:Effectiveness,Dilemmas and Improvements——Reflections based on the Outline for the Implementation of the Rule of Law Society(2020-2025)

随着我国国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平的不断提升,公众参与行政决策的法治状况正在向好发展。但在新的时代背景下,公众参与意识逐渐增强,而法律制度的供给相对不足,会影响公众参与的热情和实际效果。2020年12月出台的《法治社会建设实施纲要(2020-2025年)》提出要"健全公众参与重大公共决策机制"。当下围绕公众参与行政决策中出现的新问题,需要在2019年《重大行政决策程序暂行条例》等中央和地方立法探索的基础上,拓展主体类型、理清事项范围、创新参与形式、规范参与程序、健全责任制度,以保障全过程的公众有效参与。同时,充分用好我国国家治理的理论创新成果,并应用新兴技术手段,推进公众参与行政决策的法律机制完善。

With the continuous improvement of the modernization of China’s national governance system and governance capacity,the rule of law situation of public participation in administrative decision-making is developing for better.However,in the new era,public participation awareness has gradually increased,while the supply of the legal system is relatively insufficient,which will affect the enthusiasm and actual effect of public participation.The“Outline for the Implementation of the Rule of Law Society(2020-2025)”promulgated in December 2020 proposes to“improve the public participation mechanisms in major public decisions”.At present,based on the new issues arising from public participation in administrative decision-making,it is necessary to expand the types of subjects,clarify the scope of matters,innovate the forms of participation,standardize the participation procedures and improve the responsibilities system based on the exploration of the central and local legislation such as the Interim Regulations on Major Administrative Decision-Making Procedures in 2019,so as to ensure the effective public participation in the whole process.At the same time,we are supposed to make full use of the theoretical innovation achievements of our country’s national governance,and apply new technology to promote the innovation of legal protection paths for public participation in administrative decision-making.