基于巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的金融扶贫政策“三维一体”赋能新路径

Three-Dimensional Integration Empowerment Path of Financial Poverty-Alleviation Policy Based on Anti-Poverty Achievements Consolidation and Expansion

金融扶贫政策旨在通过政府与市场合作应用金融力量促进贫困地区和贫困人口增收脱贫。梳理金融扶贫政策发现,赋权融资是脱贫攻坚时期金融扶贫政策赋能的主要路径。但融资赋权仅仅是一种机会,不等于实质性赋能。河南、黑龙江、云南、甘肃等23个中西部省份2982个贫困户随机抽样调查统计数据表明,贫困人口金融账户活跃度低、金融能力不足直接影响扶贫贷款使用效率,间接阻碍金融机构研发针对贫困人口的适配性金融产品,影响农村金融市场效率。巩固拓展脱贫攻坚要求金融扶贫政策超越融资赋权思路,将重点转向增能与使能,走一条由创造金融服务机会、金融能力建设与金融产品创新构成的"三维一体"赋能新路径。

Financial poverty-alleviation policy is aimed at using financial forces to promote poor areas and poor people to increase income and get rid of poverty through the cooperation between the government and the market.The measurement analysis based on financial poverty-alleviation policies shows that financing empowerment is the main path for energizing the financial poverty-alleviation policy during the anti-poverty period.However,financing empowerment does not amount to real capability enhancement.Statistics from 2,982 random sample survey of poor families in 23 central and western provinces,including Henan,Yunnan and Gansu,etc,prove that the low activity of financial accounts and insufficient financial ability of poor households directly affect the efficiency of the pro-poor loans and indirectly hinder financial institutions from developing suitable financial products for the poor.Consolidating and expanding the anti-poverty achievements requires the financial poverty-alleviation policy to go beyond the idea of financing empowerment,shifting its focus to enabling and enhancement,and take a new path of three-dimensional integration consisting of opportunity creation,financial capability building and product innovation.