修剪方式对核桃树树体生长及结果的影响

Effects of Pruning on Walnut Tree Growth and Fruit Setting

为掌握核桃树低产林更新、复壮及丰产的规律,确定整形修剪等营林措施对核桃树的影响。以青海贵德地区的2007年栽植薄皮核桃树为研究对象,对核桃树主干、主枝延长枝和侧枝进行短截、摘心等3种不同方式的修剪处理,分别对比处理前后核桃树树体生长(单株营养枝数量和生长量、结果枝数量、枝果比等)和树体结果(单株结果量、单果质量、脂肪和蛋白质质量分数等)的表征参数,统计分析不同处理方式与树体生长及结果参数的相关性与差异性。结果表明:修剪处理对核桃树树体的生长和结果有显著影响。处理后的核桃树树体生长特征参数比处理前均具有极显著差异(P<0.01);处理后营养枝数量、长度、粗度、枝果比均值分别提高215%、61%、84%和689%,结果枝数量均值降低为60%。处理后与处理前的核桃树树体结果参数仅在单株结果量上存在极显著差异(P<0.01),其它参数无显著差异。处理后单株结果量均值降低61%,而单果质量、脂肪和蛋白质质量分数均值分别增加61%、13%和6%。因此,修剪处理可有效刺激核桃树树体营养枝数量增多,对树体营养生长具有正向影响;能提高枝果比,使果实有足够的枝叶提供养分,可防治早期大量座果而造成树势早衰,为稳产高产提供保障。

In order to grasp the law of regeneration,rejuvenation and high yield of walnut tree low-yield forests,and determine the impact of plastic pruning and other forest management measures on walnut trees,the thin-skinned walnut trees in Guide area of Qinghai Province in 2007 were taken as the research object,and the pruning method was carried out on the growth of walnut trees.By pruning the main trunk,main branch extension branch and side branch of the walnut tree in three different ways,such as short cutting and topping,respectively,we compared the growth of the walnut tree before and after the treatment number and growth of vegetative branches per plant,number of fruiting branches,branches and fruits,and studied the correlation and difference between different processing methods and tree growth and result parameters by analyzing the characterization parameters of tree body results(quantity of individual plant results,single fruit quality,fat and protein content,etc.).The results showed that the pruning treatment had a significant effect on the growth and fruiting of the walnut tree.Compared with before treatment,the walnut tree growth characteristic parameters after treatment had extremely significant differences;after treatment,the average increase in the number of vegetative branches,length,thickness,and branch-fruit ratio were 215%,61%,84%and 689%,and the average reduction in the number of branches was 60%.There was a very significant difference in the yield parameters of walnut trees after treatment and before treatment,and there were no significant differences in other parameters.After treatment,the average fruit weight per plant decreased by 61%,while the average fruit weight,fat and protein content increased by 61%,13%and 6%,respectively.Therefore,the pruning treatment can effectively stimulate to increase the number of vegetative branches of the walnut tree,which has a positive impact on the vegetative growth of the tree;it can increase the branch-to-fruit ratio,and the fruit has enough branches and leaves to provide nutrients,and can prevent a large number of early fruit setting.The premature decline provides a guarantee for stable and high yield.