昭阳烟区不同配方的肥料减施技术对烤烟的影响

Effects of Different Formulas of Fertilizer Reduction Techniques on Flue-cured Tobacco in Zhaoyang Tobacco-growing Area

【目的】探明适合昭通昭阳烟区烤烟生产的专用配方肥,为昭通烟草科学施肥及无机肥料减施增效提供依据。【方法】通过对肥料配方中氮磷钾和中微量元素施用量、比例等进行优化调整,设计不同的烟草专用基肥和专用追肥配方,通过田间小区试验筛选烤烟生产专用基肥和专用追肥的配方。【结果】在肥料减施的情况下,专用基肥与专用追肥配合施用有利于烟株的早生快发,其中以专用基肥为有机-无机复混肥料的处理表现最明显,烟株提前进入团棵期和旺长期;与常规施肥相比,有机-无机复混肥料处理烤烟的产量、产值、均价、上等烟比例和中上等烟比例分别提高5.96%、17.08%、10.49%、4.63%和2.44%。【结论】在昭通昭阳烟区最高效、最经济的烤烟专用配方肥的组合为基肥施用有机-无机复混肥料(含硼、镁、锌)和氮钾追肥的施肥模式。

【Objective】The special formula fertilizer suitable for the production of flue-cured tobacco in Zhaoyang tobacco-growing area of Zhaotong is found out to provide the basis for scientific fertilization of Zhaotong tobacco and reduction and efficiency of inorganic fertilizer.【Method】By optimizing and adjusting the application amount and proportion of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and medium trace elements in the fertilizer formula,different formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing fertilizer for tobacco are designed,and the formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing fertilizer for the production of flue-cured tobacco are screened through the field plot experiment.【Result】Under the condition of fertilizer reduction,the combination of special base fertilizer and special topdressing fertilizer is conducive to the early growth and rapid growth of tobacco plants.Among them,the treatment with organic-inorganic compound fertilizer asspecial base fertilizer is the most obvious,the resettling stage and vigorously growing stage are advanced.Compared with the conventional fertilization,the yield,output value,average price,proportion of superior tobacco and proportion of medium-superior tobacco of flue-cured tobacco treated with organic-inorganic compound fertilizer are increased by 5.96%,17.08%,10.49%,4.63%and 2.44%respectively.【Conclusion】The most efficient and economical combination of special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco in Zhaoyang tobacco-growing area of Zhaotong is the fertilization pattern of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer(containing boron,magnesium,zinc)as base fertilizer and nitrogen and potassium as topdressing fertilizer.